Browsing by Author "Justice, Anne E."

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    Dynamic relationships between body fat and circulating adipokine levels from adolescence to young adulthood: The Santiago Longitudinal Study
    (2022) Kim, Daeeun; Howard, Annie Green; Blanco, Estela; Burrows, Raquel; Correa-Burrows, Paulina; Memili, Aylin; Albala, Cecilia; Santos, Jose L.; Angel, Barbara; Lozoff, Betsy; Justice, Anne E.; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Gahagan, Sheila; North, Kari E.
    Background and aims: Adipose tissue secretes adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, playing important roles in energy metabolism. The longitudinal associations between such adipokines and body fat accumulation have not been established, especially during adolescence and young adulthood and in diverse populations. The study aims to assess the longitudinal association between body fat measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry and plasma adipokines from adolescence to young adulthood.Methods and results: Among Hispanic/Latino participants (N Z 537) aged 16.8 (SD: 0.3) years of the Santiago Longitudinal Study, we implemented structural equation modeling to estimate the sex-specific associations between adiposity (body fat percent (BF%) and proportion of trunk fat (PTF)) and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin levels) during adolescence (16 y) and these values after 6 years of follow-up (22 y). In addition, we further investigated whether the associations differed by baseline insulin resistance (IR) status. We found evidence for associations between 16 y BF% and 22 y leptin levels (0 (SE): 0.58 (0.06) for females; 0.53 (0.05) for males), between 16 y PTF and 22 y adiponectin levels (0 (SE):-0.31 (0.06) for females;-0.18 (0.06) for males) and between 16 y adiponectin levels and 22 y BF% (0 (SE): 0.12 (0.04) for both females and males). Conclusion: We observed dynamic relationships between adiposity and adipokines levels from late adolescence to young adulthood in a Hispanic/Latino population further demonstrating the importance of this period of the life course in the development of obesity. (c) 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents
    (2022) Kim, Daeeun; Justice, Anne E.; Chittoor, Geetha; Blanco, Estela; Burrows, Raquel; Graff, Mariaelisa; Green Howard, Annie; Wang, Yujie; Rohde, Rebecca; Buchanan, Victoria L.; Voruganti, V. Saroja; Almeida, Marcio; Peralta, Juan; Lehman, Donna M.; Curran, Joanne E.; Comuzzie, Anthony G.; Duggirala, Ravindranath; Blangero, John; Albala, Cecilia; Santos Martín, José Luis; Angel, Bárbara; Lozoff, Betsy; Gahagan, Sheila; North, Kari E.
    Background: Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers—adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin—and their associations with CMD risk factors. Methods: We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS). We further investigated the direct and indirect effect of the biomarker PRS on downstream body fat percent (BF%) and glycemic traits using structural equation modeling. Results: We identified putatively novel genetic variants associated with the metabolic biomarkers. A substantial amount of biomarker variance was explained by SLS-specific PRS, and the prediction was improved by including the putatively novel loci. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with PRS for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, and BF% was associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. We found evidence of substantial mediation of these associations by the biomarker levels. Conclusions: The genetic underpinnings of metabolic biomarkers can affect the early development of CMD, partly mediated by the biomarkers.
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    Genome-wide association study identifying novel variant for fasting insulin and allelic heterogeneity in known glycemic loci in Chilean adolescents: The Santiago Longitudinal Study
    (2020) Buchanan, Victoria L.; Wang, Yujie; Blanco, Estela; Graff, Mariaelisa; Albala, Cecilia; Burrows, Raquel; Santos Martín, José Luis; Angel, Bárbara; Lozoff, Betsy; Saroja Voruganti, Venkata; Guo, Xiuqing; taylor, Kent D.; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Yao, Jie; Tan, Jingyi; Downie, Carolina; Highland, Heather M.; Justice, Anne E.; Gahagan, Sheila; North, Kari E.