Browsing by Author "Jussim, Lee"

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    Gender Stereotypes of Personality : Universal and Accurate?
    (2014) Löckenhoff, Corinna E.; Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa Jr., Paul T.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Alcalay S., Lidia; Simonetti, Franco
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    Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2009) Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Fruyt, Filip; Terracciano, Antonio; McCrae, Robert R.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Juri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Blatny, Marek; Bratko, Denis; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Lima, Margarida P.; Fickova, Emilia; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Halberstadt, Jamin; Hrebickova, Martina; Jussim, Lee; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Knezevic, Goran; Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora; Martin, Thomas A.; Marusic, Iris; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Nansubuga, Florence; Pramila, V. S.; Realo, Anu; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Rossier, Jerome; Schmidt, Vanina; Sekowski, Andrzej; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Simonetti, Franco; Siuta, Jerzy; Smith, Peter B.; Szmigielska, Barbara; Wang, Lei; Yamaguchi, Mami; Yik, Michelle
    College students (N = 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
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    Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Yik, Michelle; Brunner Sciarra, Marina; de Figueora, Nora Leibovich; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang kyu; Ahn, Hyun nie; Aguilar Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Janet T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Age trajectories for personality traits are known to be similar across cultures. To address whether stereotypes of age groups reflect these age-related changes in personality, we asked participants in 26 countries (N = 3,323) to rate typical adolescents, adults, and old persons in their own country. Raters across nations tended to share similar beliefs about different age groups; adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. These consensual age group stereotypes correlated strongly with published age differences on the five major dimensions of personality and most of 30 specific traits, using as criteria of accuracy both self-reports and observer ratings, different survey methodologies, and data from up to 50 nations. However, personal stereotypes were considerably less accurate, and consensual stereotypes tended to exaggerate differences across age groups.
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    The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes
    (2013) McCrae, Robert R.; Chan, Wayne; Jussim, Lee; De Fruyt, Filip; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Hrebickova, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jueri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Yik, Michelle; Fickova, Emilia; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Reatigui, Norma; Leibovich de Figueora, Nora; Schmidt, Vanina; Ahn, Chang-Kyu; Ahn, Hyun-Nie; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet-Martinez, Veronica; Rossier, Jerome; Bratko, Denis; Marusic, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knezevic, Goran; Puric, Danka; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
    Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data From Ratings of Young Adolescents
    (2010) McCrae, Robert R.; Terracciano, Antonio; De Fruyt, Filip; De Bolle, Marleen; Gelfand, Michele J.; Costa, Paul T., Jr.; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Ahn, Chang-kyu; Ahn, Hyun-nie; Alcalay, Lidia; Allik, Jueri; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Blatny, Marek; Bratko, Denis; Brunner-Sciarra, Marina; Cain, Thomas R.; Chittcharat, Niyada; Crawford, Jarret T.; de Lima, Margarida P.; Fehr, Ryan; Fickova, Emilia; Gulgoz, Sami; Hoebiekova, Martina; Jussim, Lee; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Knezevic, Goran; de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich; Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.; Martin, Thomas A.; Marusic, Iris; Mastor, Khairul Anwar; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Nansubuga, Florence; Porrata, Jose; Puric, Danka; Realo, Anu; Reategui, Norma; Rolland, Jean-Pierre; Schmidt, Vanina; Sekowski, Andrzej; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Simonetti, Franco; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Vanno, Vitanya; Wang, Lei; Yik, Michelle
    We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N=5,109) ages 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, 8 of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted.