Browsing by Author "Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Neuropsychological and anatomical-functional effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment and aphasia: Systematic review
    (2024) Pezoa-Peña, Ignacio; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, Diana; Solomons, Daniel; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to be promising in the neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Aphasia and cognitive impairment (CI) are prevalent post-stroke; however, there is still a lack of consensus about the characteristics of interventions based on TMS and its neuropsychological and anatomical-functional benefits. Therefore, studies that contribute to creating TMS protocols for these neurological conditions are necessary. To analyze the evidence of the neuropsychological and anatomical-functional TMS effects in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia and determine the characteristics of the most used TMS in research practice. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE databases, published between January 2010 and March 2023. In the 15 articles reviewed, it was found that attention, memory, executive function, language comprehension, naming, and verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) are the neuropsychological domains that improved post-TMS. Moreover, TMS in aphasia and post-stroke CI contribute to greater frontal activation (in the inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis, and opercularis). Temporoparietal effects were also found. The observed effects occur when TMS is implemented in repetitive modality, at a frequency of 1 Hz, in sessions of 30 min, and that last more than 2 weeks in duration. The use of TMS contributes to the neurorehabilitation process in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia. However, it is still necessary to standardize future intervention protocols based on accurate TMS characteristics.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Neuropsychological profiles and neural correlates in typical and atypical variants of Alzheimer disease: A systematic qualitative review
    (2022) Fredes-Roa, C.; Gutiérrez-Barría, F.; Ramírez-Bruna, C.; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, D.; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: Neuropsychological symptoms and cortical atrophy patterns show similarities between typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its variants. Thus, correct diagnosis is difficult, leading to errors in the therapeutic process. Indeed, the challenge in cognitive neuroscience focuses on identifying key features of cognitive-linguistic profiles and improving the knowledge of neural correlates for accurate differential diagnosis between the heterogeneous profiles of typical and atypical AD. Aim: This systematic review aims to describe different AD profiles, considering their neuropsychological symptoms and neural correlates. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Thirty-one articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Results suggest significant declines in episodic and working memory and executive function. Likewise, in all groups, verbal fluency and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills declined. However, these symptoms overlap between typical AD, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, behavioural/dysexecutive or frontal variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome. On the other hand, the neural correlate showed a pattern of atrophy in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas, even compromising the cuneus and precuneus. Conclusion: Spontaneous language and semantic and phonological verbal fluency could be an important biomarker for differential diagnosis between typical AD and its atypical variants. Likewise, clinical assessment should consider using advanced neuroimaging techniques to establish early associations between brain dysfunction and neuropsychological performance, with particular attention to brain areas such as the cuneus and precuneus.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Perfiles cognitivos-lingüísticos en personas mayores con Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Demencia Vascular, Demencia con Cuerpos de Lewy y Enfermedad de Parkinson
    (2022) Malpu-Wiederhold, Caterine; Farias Ulloa, Camila Belén; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, Diana; Foncea González, Camila Paz; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: There is a wide heterogeneity of neuropsychological symptoms reported in pathological ageing. Current research has focused on patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. However, still no detailed knowledge of the cognitive-linguistic profiles in patients whit Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and other forms of dementia. Objective: To characterize cognitive and linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2000 and 2020. Results: 49 articles were included in this literature review for critical analysis. Older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease shows a significant decline in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive function, attention, and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills. However, linguistic symptoms are also reported, especially the deficit in verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) and syntactic-grammatical and discursive skills. Conclusion: This literature review characterized cognitive-linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. These profiles could be helpful in clinical practice to improve early neuropsychological assessment processes and even determine differential diagnoses between these clinical conditions.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Semantic and phonological processing in adults and healthy older adults: An FMRI study
    (2023) Toloza-Ramirez, David; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Solomons, Daniel; Santibanez, Rodrigo; Arraño Carrasco, Leonardo Marcelo; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia
    Semantic and phonological processing (SP and PP, respectively) are described within the dorsal and ventral stream model. Studies have related both types of processing to specific brain areas; however, neuroimaging findings suggest that no exclusive brain areas exist for SP and PP. Overt and covert task paradigms in fMRI have been proposed to examine language processing. However, cognitive processing differs in both paradigms, generating different patterns of neural activity. Covert paradigms do not change language lateralization and provide essential information for understanding language networks. Bilateral activation in frontal areas for SP and PP has been reported as a response to lower task performance in older adults. However, understanding the activation pattern for SP and PP in healthy adults and older adults is still challenging. Therefore, this study aims to determine phonological and semantic auditory processing using a receptive modality task in healthy adults and older people.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The potential use of crossed cerebro-cerebellar activation to evaluate language reorganization: A case study of recurrent malignant glioma
    (2023) Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Toloza-Ramirez, David; Arraño Carrasco Leonardo Marcelo; Mery Muñoz, Francisco Javier; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia
    Background: The crossed cerebro-cerebellar (CCC) language activation guides the determination of language dominance because it is generally undisturbed by a lesion localized in supratentorial language areas. Limited evidence suggests brain plasticity could underly language recovery after tumor resection surgery. A recent study revealed two patterns of language reorganization; however, language lateralization was determined after visual inspection of a single task (phonemic fluency). Aim: To describe eventual changes of language lateralization as part of a reorganization in a tumor brain patient with recurrent malignant glioma.