Browsing by Author "Gutierrez, Virna Vaneza"

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    Factors influencing compensation demanded for environmental impacts generated by different economic activities
    (2015) Gutierrez, Virna Vaneza; Cifuentes Lira, Luis Abdón; Bronfman, Nicolás C.
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    The influence of information delivery on risk ranking by lay people
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2006) Gutierrez, Virna Vaneza; Cifuentes, Luis Abdon; Bronfman, Nicolas C.
    An experiment was conducted in a real environment to test how information delivery affects risk ranking. Another aim was to propose the best format for delivering information. Different people received different types of information about risks in a risk ranking exercise: Group 1 received a descriptive paragraph about the hazards (Format 1); Group 2 added a table with specific information on risk attributes (Format 2); Group 3 added information on the steps taken locally to mitigate the risks (Format 3), and Group 4 received a data table without identifying the hazard (Format 4). Agreement among subjects' rankings within a group and from group to group was used to measure the potential impact of information delivery. Average pair-wise Spearman correlation was used to compare the level of agreement within each group. Results showed greater consensus in the group using Format 4 than in Formats 1, 2, and 3, with the only significant difference between Format 4 and each one of the others. The results show that the amount of information, and the way it is delivered, may affect how lay people rank risks, but the differences are not statistically significant.
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    Trust, acceptance and knowledge of technological and environmental hazards in Chile
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2008) Bronfman, Nicolas C.; Vazquez, Esperanza Lopez; Gutierrez, Virna Vaneza; Cifuentes, Luis Abdon
    Studies over the past decade have found empirical links between trust in risk management institutions and the risk perceptions and acceptability of various individual hazards. Mostly addressing food technologies, no study to date has explored wider possible relationships among all four core variables (risk, benefit, trust and acceptability) covering a heterogeneous group of hazards. Our prime objective was to ascertain effects among social trust in regulatory entities, and the public's perceived risk, perceived benefit and the degree of acceptability towards both technological and environmental hazards. We also assess whether trust in regulatory authorities is the cause (causal model) or a consequence (associationist model) of a hazard's acceptability for a wide and heterogeneous range of hazards on all four core variables. Using a web-based survey, 539 undergraduates in Chile rated the five variables across 30 hazards. Implications for technology and environmental risk management organizations are discussed. Independent of the magnitude of the perceived risk or benefit surrounding a given hazard, or how knowledgeable the public claim to be of it, the trust sustained in regulatory institutions will either generate or be the consequence of public attitudes towards the hazard.