Browsing by Author "Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda"

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    A Community Disaster Resilience Index for Chile
    (2023) Bronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela AlondraBronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra
    Although Chile is one of the countries most exposed to natural hazards, to date there is no national index that shows the differences in resilience levels within the country. This study develops a community resilience index on a national scale based on the Baseline Resilience Community (BRIC) index. The BRIC index for Chile was built with 49 indicators, from different sources at the district level. Our results determined that resilience is not distributed homogeneously throughout the country. The highest levels of resilience are concentrated in the central macro-zone. In comparison, the extreme zones of Chile focus close to 90% of their population in the lowest levels, accounting for an uneven distribution of resources and services that impact resilience levels. These differences were mainly explained by indicators such as the percentage of the population without a health insurance system, the percentage of the population without internet access, and the percentage of electoral participation, among others. The results demonstrate that the BRIC model can be successfully implemented to assess community resilience in Chile and suggests the possibility of targeting resources and strategies to increase resilience in areas with the lowest levels of community resilience.
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    Interdisciplinarity and local knowledge to foster community resilience in disaster risk management: A community-based educational approach on the Chilean coast
    (2025) Palma, Karla; Jofré, David; Huenul Colicoy, Susana; Inzunza General, Simón Ignacio; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cabello González, Valeria Magaly; Martínez Reyes, Carolina del Pilar; González, Javiera Castañeda
    This article explores the transformative potential of community-based disaster risk management (DRM) schools by emphasizing the critical role of comprehensive, participatory, and inclusive approaches in resilience building. Using the Environmental Community School of the Coast (ECAC) in Cartagena, Chile, as a case study, it demonstrates how integrating local and scientific knowledge through interdisciplinary collaboration fosters socio-environmental governance and community resilience. This approach aligns with international frameworks advocating for multistakeholder participation, communication, education, and shared responsibilities across sectors. Developed through participatory action research and co-creation with local communities, the ECAC illustrates how interdisciplinary efforts can address socio-environmental challenges and shape disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. The article discusses the theoretical and practical contributions of the ECAC, highlighting its innovative educational model, the challenges of interdisciplinary work, and the importance of social learning and local engagement. Findings underscore the necessity of addressing social vulnerabilities through community-based education programs, which enhance resilience by preserving traditional knowledge, fostering community cohesion, and empowering local decision-making. This research contributes to the literature on DRM and community resilience by presenting a replicable framework for inclusive disaster governance and transformative learning. It reflects on academia's evolving role in fostering interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration, offering evidence-based insights into the success factors and challenges of creating community schools capable of enhancing territorial resilience and socio-environmental governance.
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    Risk Management of Rural Road Networks Exposed to Natural Hazards: Integrating Social Vulnerability and Critical Infrastructure Access in Decision Making
    (2025) Contreras Moya, Marta; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Martínez Reyes, Carolina del Pilar; Echaveguren, Tomás; Allen, Eduardo; Bronfman Cáceres, Nicolás
    Road networks play a crucial role in accessing, sourcing, and evacuating populations during extreme natural events. These issues are especially critical in rural settings, where redundancy of networks is uncommon and where the population may present significant social disparities. Traditional risk management systems have studied the risk of the road network from a physical perspective, where the probability of damage is estimated in terms of its fragility (vulnerability) and exposure given certain hazard intensity measures. However, the specialized literature increasingly suggests the development of more comprehensive risk management systems, where not only physical aspects associated with infrastructure are considered but also the social and economic characteristics of the beneficiary population. This study proposes a Vulnerability Access Index for road network decision-making that integrates social vulnerability of rural communities exposed to extreme natural events and their accessibility to nearby critical infrastructure. The proposed methodology considers three stages: Stage 1, Social Vulnerability Index based on socioeconomic variables, to which a principal component analysis is applied to identify the most determining dimensions of social vulnerability; Stage 2, Importance Index to evaluate access to critical infrastructure, and; Stage 3, Vulnerability Access Index, which is obtained as a combination of the indices estimated in the previous stages. A case study is presented in a highly exposed region to volcanic hazards in Chile. The proposed index identified links of the road network that require special attention as they provide access to highly vulnerable population and present critical access issues.
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    Social vulnerability in Chile: challenges for multi-scale analysis and disaster risk reduction
    (2023) Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Contreras, Marta; Chamorro Gine, Marcela Alondra; Martínez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Echaveguren, Tomas
    Socio-natural disasters can have profound consequences for countries exposed to natural hazards. Consequently, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) management and the development of techniques to measure social vulnerability, such as the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI), are critical to comprehending and mitigating risk factors. However, the impact of considering different spatial scales to understand and analyze social vulnerability remains largely unknown. The objective of this research is to identify the factors that determine social vulnerability in Chile, the implications of using four different territorial scales, differentiating for urban/rural territory, and the implications in DRR. The research considers the SoVI method, using the national census and the socioeconomic household survey to construct 25 variables at the zone/locality levels, and the use of a GIS platform. On average, eight vulnerability components are defined per model, with an average explanatory variance of 71%. Our analysis shows that soci