Browsing by Author "Guan Y."

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    International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021) Baranski E.; Sweeny K.; Gardiner G.; Funder D.C.; Beramendi M.; Bastian B.; Neubauer A.; Cortez D.; Roth E.; Torres A.; Zanini D.S.; Petkova K.; Tracy J.; Amiot C.; Pelletier-Dumas M.; González R.; Rosenbluth A.; Salgado S.; Guan Y.; Yang Y.; Forero D.A.; Camargo A.; Papastefanakis E.; Spyridaki I.; Kritsotakis G.; Fragkiadaki E.; Jerneic Ž.; Hrebícková M.; Graf S.; Strøbæk P.; Realo A.; Becker A.; Maisonneuve C.; El-Astal S.; Gamsakhurdia V.L.; Ziegler M.; Penke L.; Rauthmann J.; Buchtel E.E.; Wai-Lan Yeung V.; Kun Á.; Gadanecz P.; Vass Z.; Smohai M.; Das A.; Lavalekar A.; Aurelia M.Z.; Kinayung D.; Gaffar V.; Sullivan G.; Day C.; Rechter E.; Gnisci A.; Sergi I.; Senese V.P.; Perugini M.; Costantini G.; Komiya A.; Sato T.; Nakata Y.; Kawamoto S.; Al-Zoubi M.; Owsley N.; Jang C.; Mburu G.; Ngina I.; Dimdins G.; Barkauskiene R.; Laurinavicius A.; Mastor K.A.; Kruse E.; Ramírez-Esparza N.; Denissen J.; Aken M.V.; Fischer R.; Onyishi I.E.; Ogba K.T.; Leknes S.; Holen V.W.; Hansen I.; Tamnes C.K.; Klæva K.; Rizwan M.; Kausar R.; Khan N.; Espinosa A.; Cecilia M.G.C.(.; Quiñones D.M.A.; Szarota P.; Izdebski P.; Kotysko M.; Henriques-Calado J.; Sava F.A.; Lvova O.; Pogrebitskaya V.; Allakhverdov M.; Manichev S.; Barry O.; Smederevac S.; Colovic P.; Mitrovic D.; Oljaca M.; Hong R.; Halama P.; Musek J.; Kock F.D.; Han G.; Suh E.M.(.; Choi S.; Boonyasiriwat W.; Saribay A.; Somer O.; Akalin P.K.; Baguma P.K.; Vinogradov A.; Zhuravlova L.; Rentfrow J.; Conner M.; Tullett A.; Ramírez-Esparza N.; Colman D.E.; Cheng J.T.; Stocks E.; Thu Bui H.T.
    © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
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    Who in the World Is Trying to Change Their Personality Traits? Volitional Personality Change Among College Students in Six Continents
    (American Psychological Association, 2021) Baranski E.; Lee D.; Funder D.C.; Gardiner G.; Beramendi M.; Bastian B.; Neubauer A.; Cortez D.; Roth E.; Torres A.; Zanini D.S.; Petkova K.; Tracy J.; Amiot C.E.; Pelletier-Dumas M.; Gonzalez R.; Rosenbluth A.; Salgado S.; Guan Y.; Yang Y.; Buchtel E.E.; Yeung V.W.-L.; Forero D.A.; Camargo A.; Jerneic Z.; Hroebickova M.; Graf S.; Strobaek P.; Realo A.; Becker M.; Maisonneuve C.; El-Astal S.; Gamsakhurdi V.L.; Ziegler M.; Penke L.; Rauthmann J.; Kun A.; Gadanecz P.; Vass Z.; Smohai M.; Das A.; Lavalekar A.; Rechter E.; Gnisci A.; Sergi I.; Senese V.P.; Perugini M.; Costantini G.; Komiya A.; Sato T.; Nakata Y.; Kawamoto S.; Al-Zoubi M.; Owsley N.; Jang C.; Mburu G.; Ngina I.; Dimdins G.; Barkauskiene R.; Laurinavicius A.; Markovikj M.; Serafimovska E.; Mastor K.A.; Kruse E.; Ramirez-Esparza N.; Denissen J.; Van Aken M.; Fischer R.; Onyishi I.E.; Ogba K.T.; Leknes S.; Holen V.W.; Hansen I.; Tamnes C.K.; Klava K.; Rizwan M.; Kausar R.; Khan N.; Gastardo-Conaco M.C.; Quinones D.M.A.; Szarota P.; Izdebski P.; Kotysko M.; Henriques-Calado J.; Sava F.A.; Lvova O.; Pogrebitskaya V.; Allakhverdov M.; Manichev S.; Polovic P.; Mitrovic D.; Oljaca M.; Smederevac S.; Barry O.; Hong R.; Halama P.; Musek J.; Han G.; Suh E.M.; Choi S.; Oceja L.; Villar S.; Gallardo-Pujol D.; Kekecs Z.; Arlinghaus N.; Johnson D.P.; O'Donnell A.K.; Buhler J.L.; Allemand M.; Chang Y.-P.; Lin W.-F.; Boonyasiriwat W.; Saribay S.A.; Somer O.; Akalin P.K.; Vinogradov A.; Zhuravlova L.; Rentfrow J.; Conner M.; Tullett A.; Colman D.E.; Cheng J.T.; Stocks E.; Bui H.T.T.
    © 2021. American Psychological AssociationRecent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world
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    Worldviews about change: Their structure and their implications for understanding responses to sustainability, technology, and political change
    (Springer, 2023) Bain P.G.; Bongiorno R.; Tinson K.; Heanue A.; Gomez A.; Guan Y.; Lebedeva N.; Kashima E.; Gonzalez R.; Chen S.X.; Blumen S.; Kashima Y.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2023 The Authors. Asian Journal of Social Psychology published by Asian Association of Social Psychology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.People hold different perspectives about how they think the world is changing or should change. We examined five of these “worldviews” about change: Progress, Golden Age, Endless Cycle, Maintenance, and Balance. In Studies 1–4 (total N = 2733) we established reliable measures of each change worldview, and showed how these help explain when people will support or oppose social change in contexts spanning sustainability, technological innovations, and political elections. In mapping out these relationships we identify how the importance of different change worldviews varies across contexts, with Balance most critical for understanding support for sustainability, Progress/Golden Age important for understanding responses to innovations, and Golden Age uniquely important for preferring Trump/Republicans in the 2016 US election. These relationships were independent of prominent individual differences (e.g., values, political orientation for elections) or context-specific factors (e.g., self-reported innovativeness for responses to innovations). Study 5 (N = 2140) examined generalizability in 10 countries/regions spanning five continents, establishing that these worldviews exhibited metric invariance, but with country/region differences in how change worldviews were related to support for sustainability. These findings show that change worldviews can act as a general “lens” people use to help determine whether to support or oppose social change.