DSpace Angular :: Browsing by Author "Gonzalez, Roberto"

Browsing by Author "Gonzalez, Roberto"

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A 32-society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping
(2023) Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida; Jetten, Jolanda; Peters, Kim; Ashokkumar, Ashwini; Barry, Oumar; Billet, Matthew; Becker, Maja; Booth, Robert W.; Castro, Diego; Chinchilla, Juana; Costantini, Giulio; Dejonckheere, Egon; Dimdins, Girts; Erbas, Yasemin; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Hatano, Aya; Hartwich, Lea; Jarukasemthawee, Somboon; Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar; Novak, Lindsay M.; Kim, Jinseok P.; Kohut, Michal; Liu, Yi; Loughnan, Steve; Onyishi, Ike E.; Onyishi, Charity N.; Varela, Micaela; Pattara-angkoon, Iris S.; Peker, Mujde; Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya; Rizwan, Muhammad; Suh, Eunkook M.; Swann, William; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Vanhasbroeck, Niels; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wacera, Grace; Wang, Zhechen; Wibisono, Susilo; Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan
There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality-that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor.
A longitudinal examination of the factors that facilitate and hinder support for conservative and progressive social movements
(2022) Gonzalez, Roberto; Chayinska, Maria; Plaza, Alejandro; Bargsted, Matias; Miranda, Daniel
This paper examines social-psychological factors that can facilitate and hinder public support for conservative agendas over time. Using four waves of longitudinal panel data from Chile (N = 2,394), we estimated the between-person and within-person associations among individuals' self-reported conservative ideologies, political disaffection, civic behaviour, political attitudes towards democracy and social change, and their support for conservative (vs progressive) social movements over time. As expected, between-person increases in social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), right-wing self-categorization, and political disaffection correlated positively with support for conservative social movements. Between-person increases in people's social change beliefs, support for democracy, and civic participation predicted less support for conservative social movements over time. Within-person increases in RWA and SDO correlated positively with conservative social movement support, whereas civic participation correlated negatively with it. Results provide novel evidence for the dynamic processes underlying support for conservative/progressive agendas.
A longitudinal study of the bidirectional causal relationships between online political participation and offline collective action
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021) Chayinska, Maria; Miranda, Daniel; Gonzalez, Roberto
The longitudinal causal relationships between individuals' online and offline forms of civic participation requires further understanding. We provide a robust test of four competing theoretical perspectives to establish the direction of causality between online political participation and offline collective action as well as the persistence of their longitudinal effects. Two longitudinal panel studies were conducted in the socio-political context of Chile. Study 1 involved university students (a 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal study, N wave 1 = 1221, N wave 2 = 954, N wave 3 = 943, N wave 4 = 905, and N wave 5 = 786) and Study 2 used a nationally representative sample of adults (a 3-year, 3-wave longitudinal study, N wave 1 = 2927, N wave 2 = 2473 and N wave 3 = 2229). Results from both studies supported the spillover perspective compellingly showing that offline participation fostered subsequent online collective action over time, whereas the reverse causal path from online political participation and offline collective action was consistently non-significant. In Study 2, previous offline collective action predicted increased online participation after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and educational level. The need for further fine-grained longitudinal research on the causal relations between offline and online collective action is discussed.
Challenges and Opportunities for Psychological Research in the Majority World
(2024) Uskul, Ayse K.; Thalmayer, Amber Gayle; Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Kende, Anna; Laher, Sumaya; Lasticova, Barbara; Saab, Rim; Salas, Gonzalo; Singh, Purnima; Zeinoun, Pia; Norenzayan, Ara; Chao, Melody M.; Shoda, Yuichi; Cooper, M. Lynne
How can psychology transform itself into an inclusive science that engages with the rich cultural diversity of humanity? How can we strive towards a broader and deeper understanding of human behavior that is both generalizable across populations and attentive to its diversity? To address these major questions of our field, relying on scholars from different world regions, we outline first the opportunities associated with conducting psychological research in these and other majority world regions, highlighting international collaborations. Cross-cutting research themes in psychological research in the majority world are presented along with the urgent need to adopt a more critical lens to research and knowledge production within psychology. Indigenization, critical, transformative and liberatory approaches to understanding psychological phenomena framed within the decolonial imperative are presented as future options for a more diverse and equitable psychological science. Next, we address challenges, including limited institutional research infrastructure, limited national investment in research, political and social challenges these regions face, and the impact of imported (rather than locally produced) psychological knowledge. We conclude by offering recommendations to enable psychological science to be more representative of the world's population. Our aim is to facilitate a broader, better-informed, and more empathic conversation among psychological scientists worldwide about ways to make psychological science more representative, culturally informed and inclusive.
Changing attitudes toward redistribution: The role of perceived economic inequality in everyday life and intolerance of inequality
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Garcia Castro, Juan Diego; Gonzalez, Roberto; Frigolett, Cristian; Jimenez Moya, Gloria; Rodriguez Bailon, Rosa; Willis, Guillermo
Modern societies are characterized by economic inequality. Redistributive policies are one of the means to reduce it. We argue that perceived economic inequality in everyday life and intolerance of it are central factors to enhance positive attitudes toward redistribution. To test it, we conducted a four-wave longitudinal panel study in Chile with a sample of 1221 college students (at T1 - baseline, 960 at T2, 926 at T3, and 787 at T4; Mage = 18.89). As expected, a cross-lagged longitudinal analysis controlled by household income confirmed a positive relationship between perceived economic inequality in everyday life and intolerance of inequality, which in turn was positively associated with support for redistributive policies. These results were stable and consistent over time, supporting the idea that perceived economic inequality in everyday life enhances positive attitudes toward redistribution by increasing intolerance of it. Results highlight the important role played by perceived inequality in everyday life.
Confianza en instituciones políticas en Chile: un modelo de los componentes centrales de juicios de confianza
(2008) Segovia, Carolina; Haye, Andres; Gonzalez, Roberto; Manzi, Jorge; Carvacho, Hector
Citizen's trust in political institutions is important for democracies. However, there are doubts regarding the nature of trust judgments. We argue that trust judgements concerning political institutions centrally involve the consideration of both the preparation and resources of the institutions that enable it to fulfill its goals (capacity), and the orientation of such goals toward the wellbeing of citizens (benevolence). Results are based on a survey carried out in Santiago, Chile, during 2005 on 996 people. We conclude that both capacity and benevolence are strong predictors of trust and that, beyond the direct influence of each of them, they also have a joint effect on trust judgments.
Culture and the Distinctiveness Motive: Constructing Identity in Individualistic and Collectivistic Contexts
(AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matt; Herman, Ginette; de Sauvage, Isabelle; Bourguignon, David; Tones, Ana; Camino, Leoncio; Silveira Lemos, Flavia Cristina; Cristina Ferreira, M.; Koller, Silvia H.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Carrasco, Diego; Paz Cadena, Maria; Lay, Siugmin; Wang, Qian; Bond, Michael Harris; Vargas Trujillo, Elvia; Balanta, Paola; Valk, Aune; Mekonnen, Kassahun Habtamu; Nizharadze, George; Fueloep, Marta; Regalia, Camillo; Manzi, Claudia; Brambilla, Maria; Harb, Charles; Aldhafri, Said; Martin, Mariana; Macapagal, Ma Elizabeth J.; Chybicka, Aneta; Gavreliuc, Alin; Buitendach, Johanna; Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Ozgen, Emre; Guner, Ulku E.; Yamakoglu, Nil
The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.
Disrupting Racism and Global Exclusion in Academic Publishing: Recommendations and Resources for Authors, Reviewers, and Editors
(2024) Ledgerwood, Alison; Lawson, Katherine M.; Kraus, Michael W.; Vollhardt, Johanna Ray; Remedios, Jessica D.; Westberg, Dulce Wilkinson; Uskul, Ayse K.; Adetula, Adeyemi; Leach, Colin Wayne; Martinez, Joel E.; Naumann, Laura P.; Reddy, Geetha; Tate, Charlotte Chucky; Todd, Andrew R.; Weltzien, Katherine; Buchanan, Nicole; Gonzalez, Roberto; Doble, L. James Montilla; Romero-Canyas, Rainer; Westgate, Erin; Zou, Linda X.
Scholars have been working through multiple avenues to address longstanding and entrenched patterns of global and racial exclusion in psychology and academia more generally. As part of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology's efforts to enhance inclusive excellence in its journals, the Anti Colorism/Eurocentrism in Methods and Practices (ACEMAP) task force worked to develop recommendations and resources to counteract racism and global exclusion in standard publication practices. In this paper, the task force describes a structure and process we developed for conducting committee work that centers marginalized perspectives while mitigating cultural taxation. We then describe our recommendations and openly accessible resources (e.g., resources for inclusive reviewing practices, writing about constraints on generalizability, drafting a globally inclusive demographic information survey, inclusive citation practices, and improving representation among editorial gatekeeping positions; recommendations and resource links are provided in Table 3). These recommendations and resources are both (a) tailored for a particular set of journals at a particular time and (b) useful as a foundation that can be continually adapted and improved for other journals and going forward. This paper provides concrete plans for readers looking to enhance inclusive excellence in their committee work, authorship, reviewing, and/or editing.
Dual identities in intergroup contact: Group status and size moderate the generalization of positive attitude change
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2006) Gonzalez, Roberto; Brown, Rupert
To explore the effects of various categorization strategies on intergroup bias within and beyond a contact situation, two experiments were conducted involving groups of different size and/or status that worked together on a cooperative task. Three categorization strategies (decategorization, recategorization, and dual identity) were compared, and bias was measured through symbolic reward allocations to people who were and were not actually encountered. In Experiment 1 (N=129), we varied group size (minority or majority) and found that it affected bias within the contact situation-minority groups were more biased than majority groups. All of the categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, only the recategorization and dual identity strategies limited bias. In Experiment 2 (N=156), we varied both group status (low or high) and group size. Both of these variables affected bias within the contact situation-high status groups were more biased than low status groups, and minority groups were again more biased than majority groups. Once again, all three categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, an interaction among the independent variables was observed. For minority groups, only the dual identity strategy limited bias, but none of the categorization strategies limited bias for majority groups. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries
(2023) Olsson, Maria I. T.; van Grootel, Sanne; Block, Katharina; Schuster, Carolin; Meeussen, Loes; Van Laar, Colette; Schmader, Toni; Croft, Alyssa; Sun, Molly Shuyi; Ainsaar, Mare; Aarntzen, Lianne; Adamus, Magdalena; Anderson, Joel; Atkinson, Ciara; Avicenna, Mohamad; Babel, Przemyslaw; Barth, Markus; Benson-Greenwald, Tessa M.; Maloku, Edona; Berent, Jacques; Bergsieker, Hilary B.; Biernat, Monica; Birneanu, Andreea G.; Bodinaku, Blerta; Bosak, Janine; Bosson, Jennifer; Brankovic, Marija; Burkauskas, Julius; Cavojova, Vladimira; Cheryan, Sapna; Choi, Eunsoo; Choi, Incheol; Contreras-Ibanez, Carlos C.; Coogan, Andrew; Danyliuk, Ivan; Dar-Nimrod, Ilan; Dasgupta, Nilanjana; de Lemus, Soledad; Devos, Thierry; Diab, Marwan; Diekman, Amanda B.; Efremova, Maria; Eisner, Leila; Eller, Anja; Erentaite, Rasa; Fedakova, Denisa; Franc, Renata; Gartzia, Leire; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gecaite-Stonciene, Julija; Germano, Adriana L.; Giovannelli, Ilaria; Diaz, Renzo Gismondi; Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila; Gizaw, Abiy Menkir; Gjoneska, Biljana; Martinez Gonzalez, Omar; Gonzalez, Roberto; David Grijalva, Isaac; Guengoer, Derya; Senden, Marie Gustafsson; Hall, William; Harb, Charles; Hassan, Bushra; Haessler, Tabea; Hawi, Diala R.; Henningsen, Levke; Hoppe, Annedore; Ishii, Keiko; Jaksic, Ivana; Jasini, Alba; Jurkeviciene, Jurgita; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Kirby, Teri A.; Kitakaji, Yoko; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Kozytska, Inna; Kulich, Clara; Kundtova-Klocova, Eva; Kunuroglu, Filiz; Aidy, Christina Lapytskaia; Lee, Albert; Lindqvist, Anna; Lopez-Lopez, Wilson; Luzvinda, Liany; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Martinot, Delphine; McNamara, Rita Anne; Meister, Alyson; Melka, Tizita Lemma; Mickuviene, Narseta; Isabel Miranda-Orrego, Maria; Mkamwa, Thadeus; Morandini, James; Morton, Thomas; Mrisho, David; Nikitin, Jana; Otten, Sabine; Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina; Page-Gould, Elizabeth; Perandres, Ana; Pizarro, Jon; Pop-Jordanova, Nada; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Quta, Sameir; Ramis, TamilSelvan; Rani, Nitya; Redersdorff, Sandrine; Regner, Isabelle; Renstrom, Emma A.; Rivera-Rodriguez, Adrian; Esmeralda Rocha, Sanchez Tania; Ryabichenko, Tatiana; Saab, Rim; Sakata, Kiriko; Samekin, Adil; Sanchez-Pachecho, Tracy; Scheifele, Carolin; Schulmeyer, Marion K.; Sczesny, Sabine; Sirlopu, David; Smith-Castro, Vanessa; Soo, Kadri; Spaccatini, Federica; Steele, Jennifer R.; Steffens, Melanie C.; Sucic, Ines; Vandello, Joseph; Maria Velasquez-Diaz, Laura; Vink, Melissa; Vives, Eva; Warkineh, Turuwark Zalalam; Zezelj, Iris; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Zhao, Xian; Martiny, Sarah E.
Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18-30years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.
High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization
(2024) Kirkland, Kelly; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Gorenz, Drew; Blake, Khandis; Amiot, Catherine E.; Ausmees, Liisi; Baguma, Peter; Barry, Oumar; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn; Booth, Robert W.; Castelain, Thomas; Costantini, Giulio; Dimdins, Girts; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Fischer, Ronald; Friese, Malte; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Halama, Peter; Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo; Ilustrisimo, Ruby D.; Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.; Kuppens, Peter; Loughnan, Steve; Mastor, Khairul A.; McLatchie, Neil; Novak, Lindsay M.; Onyekachi, Blessing N.; Rizwan, Muhammad; Schaller, Mark; Serafimovska, Eleonora; Suh, Eunkook M.; Swann Jr, William B.; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Torres, Ana; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wang, Zhechen; Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan; Bastian, Brock
Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization-that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life-as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as "disgust", "hurt", and "respect'). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.
How minority members' perceptions of majority members' acculturation preferences shape minority members' own acculturation preferences: Evidence from Chile
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011) Zagefka, Hanna; Gonzalez, Roberto; Brown, Rupert
Two survey studies were conducted in Chile with members of the indigenous minority group Mapuche (Ns = 566; 394). The aim was to find predictors of minority members' acculturation preferences, especially integration. It was hypothesized that minority members' preferences would depend on their perceptions of what majority members want. Specifically, it was predicted that a perception that majority members want minority members to maintain their original culture would be associated with a greater desire for culture maintenance among minority participants. Further, it was predicted that a perception that majority members want intergroup contact would be associated with a greater desire for contact among minority participants. Finally, it was predicted that a perception that majority members are in favour of both culture maintenance and contact (i.e., integration) would be associated with more support for integration among minority participants. Results bore out these predictions. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Implicit and explicit attitudes toward people with Down syndrome: A study in schools with and without integration programmes in Chile
(FUNDACION INFANCIA APRENDIZAJE, 2012) Sirlopu, David; Gonzalez, Roberto; Bohner, Gerd; Siebler, Frank; Millar, Andres; Ordonez, Gabriela; Torres, David; de Tezanos Pinto, Pablo
Integrated education can reduce intergroup prejudice because enhance people contact. In this area, most researches have measured explicit attitudes using self-report questionnaires, but few studies have measure implicit attitudes for this objective. This article aims to evaluate both types of attitudes towards People with Down syndrome (PWDS). Eighty Chileans pupils (11-15 years) belonging from schools with and without integration programs participated in this study. Implicit attitudes were measured with Implicit Association Test (IAT). Results showed that all students, regardless from the school system, showed implicit bias towards PWDS. In explicit attitudes, although both samples exhibited low levels of prejudice, pupils from integrated schools expressed less anxiety towards PWDS. Finally, quality of contact, quantity of contact and salience were associated with less anxiety and more positive stereotypes towards PWDS.
Innovation across cultures: Connecting leadership, identification, and creative behavior in organizations
(WILEY, 2022) Bracht, Eva M.; Monzani, Lucas; Boer, Diana; Haslam, S. Alexander; Kerschreiter, Rudolf; Lemoine, Jeremy E.; Steffens, Niklas K.; Akfirat, Serap Arslan; Avanzi, Lorenzo; Barghi, Bita; Dumont, Kitty; Edelmann, Charlotte M.; Epitropaki, Olga; Fransen, Katrien; Giessner, Steffen; Gleibs, Ilka H.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Gonzalez, Ana Laguia; Lipponen, Jukka; Markovits, Yannis; Molero, Fernando; Moriano, Juan A.; Neves, Pedro; Orosz, Gabor; Roland-Levy, Christine; Schuh, Sebastian C.; Sekiguchi, Tomoki; Song, Lynda Jiwen; Story, Joana S. P.; Stouten, Jeroen; Tatachari, Srinivasan; Valdenegro, Daniel; van Bunderen, Lisanne; Voros, Viktor; Wong, Sut, I; Youssef, Farida; Zhang, Xin-an; van Dick, Rolf
Innovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses of N = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations.
Intergroup relations affect depressive symptoms of Indigenous people: Longitudinal evidence
(2023) Zagefka, Hanna; Gonzalez, Roberto; Mackenna, Bernardo; Castro, Diego; Carozzi, Pia; Pairican, Fernando
One thousand eight hundred thirty-five individuals who self-identified as Indigenous (with Mapuche being the largest group) participated in a two-wave longitudinal survey conducted in Chile with an 18 months lag. This was an approximately nationally representative sample of residents from culturally diverse communities. The aim of the study was to identify protective and adverse factors that are related to the development of depressive symptoms in Indigenous people. It was hypothesized that perceived social support would be negatively related to the development of depressive symptoms and that perceived discrimination would be positively associated with depressive symptoms, so that being on the receiving end of discrimination would make the manifestation of depressive symptoms more likely. Social support and perceived discrimination were themselves predicted to be affected by acculturation preferences and skin pigmentation. It was hypothesized that a positive acculturation orientation towards both the Indigenous group and members of non-Indigenous majority society would be associated with more perceived social support. Hence, preference for culture maintenance and preference for cross-group contact were expected to be positively related to social support. Further, it was hypothesized that darker skin pigmentation would be associated with more experiences of discrimination. Taken together, two processes were expected to affect depressive symptomatology: a protective effect of acculturation preferences mediated by social support and a deleterious effect of pigmentation mediated by experiences of discrimination. Results confirmed the predictions cross-sectionally but longitudinal effects were only found for the deleterious effect of pigmentation; the protective effect of acculturation preferences was notably weaker over time. These findings have both theoretical and applied implications.
Interparty attitudes in chile: Coalitions as superordinate social identities
(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2008) Gonzalez, Roberto; Manzi, Jorge; Saiz, Jose L.; Brewer, Marilynn; de Tezanos Pinto, Pablo; Torres, David; Aravena, Maria Teresa; Aldunate, Nerea
This paper reports a survey (N = 1,465) conducted in Chile that was conceived to understand the role of coalition identification as an important sociopsychological mechanism for promoting positive affects toward own-coalition party members in a multiparty system, above and beyond interparty political differences. Participants judged their own political party, parties within coalitions (fellow coalition members and opposing parties), and political coalitions as a whole on affective dimensions (trust, liking, and admiration). The results provide substantial support for the five hypotheses addressed in the study. Overall, perceived interparty distance and political identity threat had a negative impact on affect toward coalition party members. Above and beyond these effects, identification with the coalition positively predicted affect toward allies. Ingroup party affect was positively correlated with affect toward own-coalition party members and own coalition as a whole, but was not negatively associated with affect toward opposing-coalition parties. Moreover, the relationship between own-party affect and affect toward own-coalition party members was mediated by affect toward own coalition. Overall, evidence for the benefits of promoting coalition identification in a multiparty system is provided and discussed alongside the limitations and practical implications derived from the study.
Is support for multiculturalism threatened by ... threat itself?
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012) Tip, Linda K.; Zagefka, Hanna; Gonzalez, Roberto; Brown, Rupert; Cinnirella, Marco; Na, Xue
Three studies investigated the effects of British majority members' perceptions of minority members' acculturation preferences and perceived identity threat on their support for multiculturalism. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) a perception that minority members want to maintain their original culture will negatively affect support for multiculturalism; (2) a perception that minority members want to adopt the British culture will positively affect support for multiculturalism; and (3) a perception that minority members desire contact with British people will positively affect support for multiculturalism. All three effects were predicted to be mediated by identity threat. Studies 1 and 2 focussed on Pakistanis as a target group, and study 3 focussed on ethnic minority members more generally. All studies yielded evidence in support of the hypotheses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Materialist and Post-Materialist Concerns and the Wish for a Strong Leader in 27 Countries
(PSYCHOPEN, 2021) Lima, Marcus E. O.; de Franca, Dalila X.; Jetten, Jolanda; Pereira, Cicero R.; Wohl, Michael J. A.; Jasinskaja Lahti, Inga; Hong, Ying yi; Torres, Ana Raquel; Costa Lopes, Rui; Ariyanto, Amarina; Autin, Frederique; Ayub, Nadia; Badea, Constantina; Besta, Tomasz; Butera, Fabrizio; Fantini Hauwel, Carole; Finchilescu, Gillian; Gaertner, Lowell; Gollwitzer, Mario; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Jensen, Dorthe Hoj; Karasawa, Minoru; Kessler, Thomas; Klein, Olivier; Megevand, Laura; Morton, Thomas; Paladino, Maria Paola; Polya, Tibor; Renvik, Tuuli Anna; Ruza, Aleksejs; Shahrazad, Wan; Shama, Sushama; Smith, Heather J.; Teymoori, Ali; van der Bles, Anne Marthe
There is evidence that democracies are under threat around the world while the quest for strong leaders is increasing. Although the causes of these developments are complex and multifaceted, here we focus on one factor: the extent to which citizens express materialist and post-materialist concerns. We explore whether objective higher levels of democracy are differentially associated with materialist and post-materialist concerns and, in turn, whether this is related to the wish for a strong leader. Testing this hypothesis across 27 countries (N = 5,741) demonstrated a direct negative effect of democracies' development on the wish for a strong leader. Further, multi-level mediation analysis showed that the relation between the Democracy Index and the wish for a strong leader was mediated by materialist concerns. This pattern of results suggests that lower levels of democracy are associated with enhanced concerns about basic needs and this is linked to greater support for strong leaders.
Maternal Education and Children's School Achievement: The Roles of Values, Parenting, and Behavior Regulation
(SPRINGER, 2022) Weis, Mirjam; Trommsdorff, Gisela; Munoz, Lorena; Gonzalez, Roberto
The purpose of this study was to examine psychological factors that may contribute to explain the link between maternal education and children's school achievement. As explanatory factors, mothers' self-transcendence values (i.e., altruism, tolerance, and social responsibility), maternal restrictive control, and children's behavior regulation were studied as part of an integrative framework. The sample consisted of 167 Chilean fourth graders (age: M = 10.16; SD = 0.42), their mothers, and their teachers. Mediation analyses using a bootstrapping method confirmed the proposed integrative model, revealing a triple indirect effect, indicating that mothers' self-transcendence values, maternal restrictive control, and children's behavior regulation mediated the positive relation between maternal education and children's school achievement, even after controlling for intelligence, age, and gender. Mothers with lower levels of education reported lower self-transcendence values and used more restrictive control. Further, children of mothers who often used maternal restrictive control showed lower behavior regulation and poorer school achievement. Thus, the results of this intracultural study contribute to a better understanding of the relation between maternal education and children's school achievement. Implications of these findings for further research are addressed.
Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2022) Kirkland, Kelly; Crimston, Charlie R.; Jetten, Jolanda; Rudnev, Maksim; Acevedo-Triana, Cesar; Amiot, Catherine E.; Ausmees, Liisi; Baguma, Peter; Barry, Oumar; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn; Castelain, Thomas; Costantini, Giulio; Dimdins, Girts; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Fischer, Ronald; Friese, Malte; Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Halama, Peter; Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.; Kuppens, Peter; Loughnan, Steve; Markovik, Marijana; Mastor, Khairul A.; McLatchie, Neil; Novak, Lindsay M.; Onyekachi, Blessing N.; Peker, Mujde; Rizwan, Muhammad; Schaller, Mark; Suh, Eunkook M.; Talaifar, Sanaz; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Torres, Ana; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wang, Zhechen; Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan; Bastian, Brock
What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Browsing by Author "Gonzalez, Roberto"

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