Browsing by Author "Gonzalez, B"
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- ItemCharacterization of a bacterial consortium degrading the lignin model compound vanillyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1997) Cespedes, R; Gonzalez, B; Vicuna, RAryl-beta-D-glycosides have been described as intermediates in lignin biodegradation. The catabolism of this kind of compounds has been poorly studied. In this work, the isolation and initial characterization of a bacterial consortium degrading vanillyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside is reported. The consortium is able to grow on and completely degrade the dimer vanillyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The consortium is composed of three microorganisms: strain 2.1 is closely related to Chryseomonas luteola; strain 2.2, identified as Moraxella pheylpyruvica and strain 2.3, preliminary identified as Pseudomonas spp. Complete degradation of the glycoside required strains 2.1 and 2.2, although only strain 2.1 was able to cleave the aryl-glycoside linkage. Oxidation of vanillyl alcohol, one product of the aryl-glycoside cleaving reaction, to the respective acid was carried out by strain 2.2. Vanillic acid was used as growth substrate by strains 2.2 and 2.3. Strain 2.1 can grow on other aryl-P-glycosides, accumulating the aryl moiety in the culture. P-Glucosidase present in strain 2.1 is probably the key enzyme in the catabolism of aryl-glycosides by this consortium.
- ItemDegradation of chlorophenols by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4) in bleached kraft mill effluent(1997) Valenzuela, J; Bumann, U; Cespedes, R; Padilla, L; Gonzalez, BThe ability of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and other chlorophenols in a bleached kraft mill effluent was studied. The efficiency of degradation and the survival of strain JMP134 and indigenous microorganisms in short-term batch or long-term semicontinuous incubations performed in microcosms were assessed. After 6 days of incubation, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (400 ppm) or 2,il,6-trichlorophenol (40 to 100 ppm) were extensively degraded (70 to 100%). In short-term batch incubations, indigenous microorganisms were unable to degrade such of compounds. Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by strain JMP134 was significantly lower at 200 to 400 ppm of compound. This strain was also able to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol when bleached Kraft mill effluent was amended with mixtures of these compounds. On the other hand, the chlorophenol concentration and the indigenous microorganisms inhibited the growth and survival of the strain in short-term incubations. In long-term (>1-month) incubations, strain JMP134 was unable to maintain a large, stable population, although extensive 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation was still observed. The latter is probably due to acclimation of the indigenous microorganisms to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Acclimation was observed only in long-term, semicontinuous microcosms.
- ItemHaematological and clinical biochemistry findings in captive juvenile guanacos (Lama guanicoe Muller 1776) in central Chile(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2003) Zapata, B; Fuentes, V; Bonacic, C; Gonzalez, B; Villouta, G; Bas, FThe purpose of this study was to describe haematological and blood biochemistry findings of farmed guanacos in central Chile, in order to establish reference values for this species in captivity. Haematological and clinical biochemical measurements were performed on blood and plasma respectively, from 40 clinically healthy guanacos (20 females and 20 castrated males), aged between 2 and 3 years. The effects of gender and seasons of the year were studied. Gender affected the number of lymphocytes and the ratio of neutrophils: lymphocytes (N/L), with castrated males having a lower number of lymphocytes and higher N/L ratio than females. Seasons of the year affected most variables, presenting greater packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP) and albumin values in winter than the rest of the seasons. White blood cells (WBCs) were not affected by season. Glucose decreased significantly over the year and creatine kinase (CK) activity, like glucose, had a tendency to decrease over the year, which may be related to habituation to sampling and handling. Haematological and clinical biochemistry values given in this study can serve as reference values for juvenile farmed guanacos in central Chile. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemPhylogeography and subspecies assessment of vicunas in Chile and Bolivia utilizing mtDNA and microsatellite markers: implications for vicuna conservation and management(2004) Sarno, RJ; Villalba, L; Bonacic, C; Gonzalez, B; Zapata, B; Mac Donald, DW; O'Brien, SJ; Johnson, WE
- ItemThe Chilean version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ)(2001) Miranda, M; Ruperto, N; Toso, MS; Lira, LW; Gonzalez, B; Norambuena, X; Quezada, A; De Inocencio, J; Mendez, CWe report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Chilean language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (RA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to, capture the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of children independently from the underlying disease. The Chilean CHAQ-CHQ were derived from the European Spanish version with changing of the few words whose use is different in the 2 countries. A total of 126 subjects were enrolled: 72 patients with RA (29% systemic onset, 39% polyarticular onset, 4% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 28% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 54 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and RA patients, with the RA patients having a higher degree of disability pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy, peers. Also the CHQ clinically, discriminated between healthy, subjects and RA patients, with the RA patients having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy, peers.
- ItemThe effect of transport on cortisol, glucose, heart rate, leukocytes and body weight in captive-reared guanacos (Lama guanicoe)(UNIV FEDERATION ANIMAL WELFARE, 2004) Zapata, B; Gimpel, J; Bonacic, C; Gonzalez, B; Riveros, J; Ramirez, A; Bas, F; Macdonald, DWCurrent procedures for ranching and sustainable use of guanacos necessitate their transport. Transportation is a risky process for animals, and is a particular concern for wild-caught or semi-domesticated species such as the guanaco - a wild South American comelid species increasingly being established on forms in Chile and Argentina. This study investigated the effect of transport on the physiological and behavioural responses of eight castrated adult male guanocos, transported on a single 2 h journey at a stocking density of 113.5 kg m(-2) (0.76 m(2) per animal). Plasma cortisol and blood glucose concentration, total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, heart rate, and body weight were measured one week before, immediately before, immediately after, 2 h after and one week after transport. Behavioural responses were recorded during handling prior to loading. Immediately after transport we found significant increases in plasma cortisol concentrations and neutrophil. lymphocyte (N:L) ratio, the latter peaking 2 h after transport. Heart rate increased significantly only during loading, while body weight remained constant throughout. Behavioural responses related to handling (Jumping, vocalising, kicking, spitting and urinating) were not associated with the physiological response. All variables returned to pre-transport values within one week. Transport of guanacos under these conditions produced physiological changes similar to those associated with a mild and transient stress response in other species and which, we judge, fall comfortably within acceptable limits for their welfare.