Browsing by Author "González Gutiérrez, Roberto"

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    A large-scale test of the link between intergroup contact and support for social change
    (2020) Hassler, T.; Bernardino, Michelle; Shnabel, N.; Van Laar, C.; Valdenegro, D.; Sebben, S.; Tropp, L. R.; Visintin, E. P.; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Ditlmann, R. K.; Abrams, D.; Selvanathan, H. P.; Brankovic, M.; Wright, S.; von Zimmermann, J.; Pasek, M.; Aydin, A. L.; Zezelj, I.; Pereira, A.; Lantos, N. A.; Sainz, M.; Glenz, A.; Oberpfalzerova, H.; Bilewicz, M.; Kende, A.; Kuzawinska, O.; Otten, S.; Maloku, E.; Noor, M.; Gul, P.; Pistella, J.; Baiocco, R.; Jelic, M.; Osin, E.; Bareket, O.; Biruski, D. C.; Cook, J. E.; Dawood, .M; Droogendyk, L.; Loyo, A. H.; Kelmendi, K.; Ugarte, L. M.
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    Attributions and helping: the mediator role of empathy and social responsibility
    (2021) Lay Martinez, Siugmin Paz; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Zagefka, Hanna
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    Beyond the 'East-West' Dichotomy : Global Variation in Cultural Models of Selfhood
    (2016) Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Becker, Maja; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brown, Rupert; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Didier, Nicolás; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego
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    Civic engagement and giving behaviors : the role of empathy and beliefs about poverty
    (2016) Luengo Kanacri, Bernadette Paula; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Valdenegro, D.; Jiménez Moya, Gloria; Saavedra, P.; Mora, E.; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andrés; Didier, L.; Pastorelli, C.
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    Confianza en instituciones políticas en Chile: un modelo de los componentes centrales de juicios de confianza
    (2008) Segovia, Carolina; Haye M., Andrés; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Manzi Astudillo, Jorge; Carvacho García, Héctor
    La confianza que los ciudadanos depositan en las instituciones políticas es importante para las democracias. Sin embargo, existen dudas acerca de la naturaleza de los juicios de confianza. Se propone que los juicios de confianza hacia instituciones políticas involucran de manera central la consideración de la preparación y recursos de la institución para cumplir sus metas (capacidad), así como de la auténtica orientación de tales metas hacia el bienestar de los ciudadanos (benevolencia). Los resultados se basan en una encuesta realizada en Santiago de Chile durante 2005 de 996 personas. Se concluye que ambos son fuertes predictores de la confianza y que, además de la influencia directa de cada uno de ellos sobre los juicios de confianza, tendrían un efecto conjunto
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    Conservatives Are More Reluctant to Give and Receive Apologies Than Liberals
    (2017) Hornsey, Matthew J.; Schumann, Karina; Bain, Paul G.; Blumen, Sheyla; Chen, Sylvia X.; Gómez, Ángel; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Guan, Yanjun; Kashima, Emiko; Lebedeva, Nadezhda; Wohl, Michael J. A.
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    Constructive non-conformity for eco-social change: a conceptual framework and application to organic waste management in Chile
    (2025) Amo Grez, Claudia Oriana; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología
    The current eco-social crisis demands deep societal transformation, including changes in unsustainable social norms. While efforts to promote pro-environmental actions have often focused on encouraging conformity to new sustainable practices, less attention has been paid to what drives individuals to question or resist socially normalized but detrimental practices. This thesis explores constructive non-conformity as a meaningful and underexamined form of engagement in sustainability transitions. Constructive non-conformity refers to behaviours through which individuals challenge prevailing social norms—not from social detachment, disloyalty, or disregard for their community, but from a sense of care, responsibility, and commitment to the common good.The thesis pursued two main goals. The first was to lay the conceptual groundwork for studying constructive non-conformity in eco-social contexts—a phenomenon largely undertheorized and underexplored in the psychological literature. A critical review of the literature identified three core dimensions: (1) social identity, or one’s sense of belonging to a group; (2) normative conflict, defined as the internal tension individuals experience when they perceive group norms as problematic; and (3) moral motivations, including one’s self-perception as a moral agent and moral convictions regarding specific issues.The second goal was to use this framework to investigate constructive non-conformity in a real-world issue: the unsustainable practices of organic waste management (OWM) in Chile. Although approximately half of household waste is organic, it is still poorly managed. While the issue has entered public and policy agendas in Chile, efforts toward broad implementation are still underway, and unsustainable practices continue to prevail.To study what motivated people to question this situation, the thesis introduced the Normative Conflict Scale—a six-item instrument designed to assess how strongly individuals experience conflict or discomfort in relation to their community’s social norms (i.e., current national or municipal OWM practices). The first study (N = 295) provided evidence of the scale’s internal consistency and unidimensional structure. The second study (N = 330) offered evidence supporting the scale’s sensitivity to variations in normative conflict through an experimental design.This tool allowed for the examination of how normative conflict, social identification, and moral motivation shaped individuals’ willingness to change OWM practices. Findings showed that when people reported high discomfort with the current state of OWM—i.e., high normative conflict—they were more willing to engage in actions promoting change, regardless of their socio-territorial identification. In contrast, when they reported moderate levels of normative conflict, stronger identification with national or municipal communities became a significant predictor of people’s willingness to engage, through its connection with moral drivers. These results suggest two motivational pathways for constructive non-conformity: one grounded in experienced conflict with the norm, and another in identification-based moral engagement.By offering both a conceptual and empirical contribution, this thesis expands the tools for understanding and fostering citizen engagement in sustainability transformations. It highlights the importance of not only promoting new behaviours but also enabling people to critically assess and challenge normalized unsustainable practices. As such, this thesis offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working to build more sustainable futures.
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    Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism : Personhood Beliefs Across 37 National Groups
    (2013) Owe, Ellinor; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Becker, Maja; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Lee, Spike W. S.; Easterbrook, Matt; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego; Lay Martinez, Siugmin Paz; Didier, Nicólas; Cadena, María Paz
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    Cultural Bases for Self-Evaluation Seeing Oneself Positively in Different Cultural Contexts
    (2014) Becker, M.; Vignoles, V. L.; Owe, E.; Easterbrook, M. J.; Brown, R.; Smith, P. B.; Bond, M. H.; Regalia, C.; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego
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    Does Intergroup Contact Affect Political Attitudes and Behaviours?—A Longitudinal Test of Tertiary Transfer Effects Using the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC)
    (2025) Friehs, Maria‐Therese; Plaza Reveco, Alejandro; Schäfer, Sarina J.; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Christ, Oliver
    Intergroup contact has been known to not only affect attitudes towards contacted and non-contacted outgroups, but also to affect people's open and liberal thinking, which in turn affects a variety of human experiences, cognitions and behaviours outside the intergroup dimension (called tertiary transfer effect, TTE). This manuscript explores one suggested TTE of intergroup contact affecting political attitudes and behaviours mediated via intergroup ideologies in a multiverse approach combining several intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours indicators. We used three waves of the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC, N = 2863). Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, we found numerous stable between-person associations between intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours, but we did not find consistent longitudinal evidence supporting the investigated TTE on a within-person level. However, we did find isolated longitudinal effects of negative intergroup contact frequency predicting preference for social equality and outgroup liking on a within-person level, which we advise to interpret with caution (due to, e.g., overall very low frequency of contact in the analysed dataset). We contextualise our findings in the existing literature and provide suggestions for future research to investigate the causal processes proposed to underlie TTEs. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's community and social impact statement.
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    Don't forget the group! The importance of social norms and empathy for shaping donation behaviour
    (2020) Lay Martínez, Siugmin Paz; Hanna Zagefka; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Belén Álvarez; Daniel Valdenegro
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    Effects of ingroup norms on domain-specific acculturation preferences : experimental evidence from two cultural contexts
    (2015) Tip, Linda K.; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Brown, Rupert; De Tezanos Pinto Correa, Pablo Andrés; Saavedra, Patricio; Sagredo, Viviana; Zagefka, Hanna; Celeste, Laura
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    Emergent social identity and observing social support predict social support provided by survivors in a disaster: Solidarity in the 2010 Chile earthquake
    (2016) Drury, John; Brown, Rupert; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andrés
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    Ethnic Identity Development and Acculturation Preferences Among Minority and Majority Youth: Norms and Contact
    (2017) González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Lickel, Brian; Gupta, Manisha; Tropp, Linda R.; Luengo Kanacri, Bernadette Paula; Mora Navia, Eduardo Andrés; De Tezanos Pinto Correa, Pablo Andrés; Berger Silva, Christian; Valdenegro Ibarra, Daniel; Cayul, Oscar; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andrés; Saavedra, Patricio; Bernardino, Michelle
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    Evaluación del proceso de implementacion del piloto de un programa educativo orientado a promover vínculos o amistades intergrupales entre estudiantes mapuches y chilenos no indígenas
    (2016) Gómez Oyarzo, Angélica Paz; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación
    El Proyecto de Magíster tuvo por objetivo evaluar el proceso de implementación del piloto de un programa educativo orientado a promover vínculos o amistades intergrupales entre estudiantes mapuche y chilenos no indígenas. Para evaluar la implementación del piloto –cuyo diseño fue construido en torno a Objetivos de Aprendizaje Transversales contenidos en las Bases Curriculares que fueron planificadas para comenzar a implementarse a partir del 2016 ̶ se utilizaron los procedimientos de revisión y análisis documental, observación no participante y entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados del estudio, obtenidos a partir de un caso específico, arrojaron lo siguiente: las dimensiones que permitieron llevar a cabo la evaluación curricular fueron tiempo, recursos, monitoreo y clima; hubo una correspondencia parcial entre el diseño y el proceso de implementación ejecutado por la docente; la mayoría de sus decisiones resultaron enriquecedoras, pero afectaron de cierta forma el proceso de implementación; y gran parte de sus percepciones respecto al diseño fueron positivas. La información recolectada permitió, finalmente, elaborar un conjunto de recomendaciones necesarias para la mejora del diseño definitivo del programa.
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    Forgiveness and reparation in Chile: The role of cognitive and emotional intergroup antecedents.
    (2007) González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Manzi Astudillo, Jorge
    In this study our focus was on forgiveness and reparation as 2 major manifestations of the Chilean political reconciliation processes initiated after the recovery of democracy in 1990. Beyond the conceptual differences between forgiveness and reparation, this study analyzes the differential relations they have with important cognitive (victimization, demand for outgroup remorse, and demand for truth) and emotional (anger, collective guilt, and shame) variables involved in the reconciliation process. Respondents were university students who identified with the 2 major political groups originally involved in the conflict (N right wing = 225; N left wing = 264). Overall, results confirmed that forgiveness and reparation were positively correlated only in the case of the group associated with perpetrating political repression. Forgiveness was predicted mainly by the emotional factors (collective anger and guilt) whereas reparation was predicted by a combination of cognitive and emotional factors.
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    From protest to ideology: how social movements reshape political orientations over time
    (2025) Bargsted, Matías; Somma González, Nicolás Manuel; Cáceres Draper, Ignacio; Ortiz Inostroza, Camila Francisca; González Gutiérrez, Roberto
    Do attitudes toward social movements influence citizens' ideological preferences? We address this question by examining an unprecedented cycle of protests in Chile, during which social movements challenged deep inequalities. In this context, we argue that individuals who value progressive social movements will be more receptive to collective action frames aligned with leftist values. This, in turn, will encourage them to shift their ideological position toward the left. However, based on insights from social cognition theories, we also claim that this effect is mostly restricted to citizens highly interested in political affairs. Among their low-interest counterparts, the effect is smaller and short-lasting. We empirically evaluate these assertions by estimating dynamic linear panel models based on data from the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey from 2016 to 2021, a period marked by intense mobilization. Our results largely confirm our theoretical expectations, while also raising new questions for future research.