Browsing by Author "Gomez, Georgina"

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    Energy Imbalance Gap, Anthropometric Measures, Lifestyle, and Sociodemographic Correlates in Latin American Adults-Results from the ELANS Study
    (2022) Yepez Garcia, Martha Cecilia; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Ferrari, Gerson; Sanabria, Lilia Yadira Cortes; Hernandez, Pablo; Almeida, Rafaela Yepez; Villar Caceres, Monica; Gomez, Georgina; Pareja, Rossina; Rigotti, Attilio; Kovalskys, Irina; Fisberg, Mauro
    Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy gaps between intake and expenditure in the adult population of Latin America, as well as its relationships with sociodemographic variables and nutrition status, to draw an epidemiological perspective based on the trends observed. The energy imbalance gap was used to this end. The difference between energy intake and expenditure can be applied as a reference to explain whether weight equilibrium can prevent weight gain. Moreover, the energy imbalance gap allows for a better understanding of the design of public health policies. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, the energy imbalance gap in adult population from eight Latin-American countries was assessed in 5994 subjects aged from 19-65. Usual dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The sociodemographic questionnaire was supplemented by anthropometric measurements. Physical activity was measured through the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Energy expenditure was obtained using the basal metabolic rate. For the overall sample, the mean energy intake was 1939.1 kcal (95% CI: 1926.9; 1951.3), the mean of energy expenditure was 1915.7 kcal (95% CI: 1906.4; 1924.9), and the mean of energy imbalance gap was 23.4 kcal (95% CI: 11.9; 35.0). Results show that energy intake and expenditure were higher in men. Moreover, subjects aged 19-34, of high socioeconomic level, who completed high school, were mestizos and were of normal weight consumed the highest number of calories. Overall, a positive energy imbalance gap was observed. Overweight and obese from Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela showed a significantly lower energy imbalance gap than underweight subjects. These findings confirm the high variability of energy imbalance gap and the accompanying correlates of energy intake and expenditure. Further research is needed to specifically address interventions in low and middle-income countries such as many in Latin America, to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and eradicate undernutrition.
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    Food Sources of Shortfall Nutrients among Latin Americans: Results from the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS)
    (2021) Barco Leme, Ana Carolina; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Veroneze de Mello, Aline; Sales, Cristiane Hermes; Ferrari, Gerson; Haines, Jess; Rigotti, Attilo; Gomez, Georgina; Kovalskys, Irina; Cortes Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Yepez Garcia, Martha Cecilia; Pareja, Rossina G.; Fisberg, Mauro
    Increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods can lead to inadequate intakes of shortfall nutrients, including vitamin A, D, C, and E, dietary folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and fiber. The objective was to examine the prevalence of inadequate intake of shortfall nutrients and identify food sources of shortfall nutrients in eight Latin American countries. Data from ELANS, a multi-country, population-based study of 9218 adolescents and adults were used. Dietary intake was collected through two 24 h Recalls from participants living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Foods and beverages were classified using the adapted version of the NHANES "What We Eat in America" system. Nutrients inadequacy was estimated using the Institute of Medicine recommendations and descriptive statistics were calculated. Prevalence of inadequacy was above 50% for most of the nutrients, which the exception of vitamin C with a prevalence of inadequacy of 39%. Milk, cheese, seafoods, breads, and fruit juices/drinks were among the top 5 sources for each of the 10 shortfall nutrients examined. Many food categories were top contributors to more than one dietary component examined. Understanding the nutrient intake and food sources can help inform dietary guidance and intervention approaches.
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    Meeting 24-h movement guidelines and markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin America countries: the ELANS study
    (2022) Ferrari, Gerson; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Drenowatz, Clemens; Kovalskys, Irina; Gomez, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortes, Lilia Yadira; Yepez Garcia, Martha; Liria-Dominguez, Maria Reyna; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, Adilson; Marconcin, Priscila; da Costa, Roberto Fernandes; Leme, Ana Carolina B.; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; Ferrero-Hernandez, Paloma; Fisberg, Mauro
    This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18-65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Body mass index and waist circumference were assessed as markers of adiposity. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as >= 150 min/week of MVPA; <= 8 h/day of SB; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. The number of guidelines being met was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.93) with higher value in men than women. We found differences between countries. Meeting two and three movement guidelines was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.97 and OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.85, respectively) and high waist circumference (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.62, 0.96). Meeting MVPA and SB recommendations were related to reduced adiposity markers but only in men. Future research is needed to gain insights into the directionality of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and markers of adiposity but also the mechanisms underlying explaining differences between men and women.
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    Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Active Transportation in Adults from Eight Latin American Countries
    (2022) Castillo-Paredes, Antonio; Iglesias, Beatriz; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; Kovalskys, Irina; Gomez, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Yadira Cortes, Lilia; Yepez Garcia, Martha Cecilia; Pareja, Rossina G.; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Fisberg, Mauro; Drenowatz, Clemens; Ferrero-Hernandez, Paloma; Ferrari, Gerson
    Neighborhood built environment is associated with domain-specific physical activity. However, few studies with representative samples have examined the association between perceived neighborhood safety indicators and domain-specific active transportation in Latin America. This study aimed to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood safety with domain-specific active transportation in adults from eight Latin American countries. Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (n = 8547, aged 18-65). Active transportation (walking and cycling) was assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Specifically, traffic density and speed as well as street lightening, visibility of residents regarding pedestrians and bicyclists, traffic lights and crosswalks, safety of public spaces during the day and at night, crime rate during the day and at night were used to evaluate perceived neighborhood safety. Slow traffic speeds, unsafe public spaces during the day, and crime during the day were associated with >= 10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of walking. Furthermore, drivers exceeding the speed limit and crime rate during the day were associated with reporting >= 10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of cycling. These results indicate a stronger association of the perceived neighborhood safety with walking compared to cycling.
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    Perceived Urban Environment Attributes and Device-Measured Physical Activity in Latin America: An 8-Nation Study
    (2022) Ferrari, Gerson; Werneck, Andre O.; Silva, Danilo R.; Kovalskys, Irina; Gomez, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortes, Lilia Y.; Yepez Garcia, Martha Cecilia; Liria-Dominguez, Maria R.; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Pratt, Michael; Marques, Adilson; Van Dyck, Delfien; Leme, Ana Carolina B.; Fisberg, Mauro
    Introduction: Attributes of the neighborhood-built environment are associated with self-reported physical activity, but only a few studies have concentrated on device-measured physical activity in Latin America. This study examines the associations of perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes, device-measured sedentary time, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults from 8 Latin American countries.
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    Physical activity and daily steps cut offs points for overweight/obesity prevention among eight Latin American countries
    (2022) Ferrero-Hernandez, Paloma; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; Jofre-Saldia, Emilio; Marques, Adilson; Kovalskys, Irina; Gomez, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortes, Lilia Yadira; Garcia, Martha Yepez; Pareja, Rossina G.; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Fisberg, Mauro; Silva, Danilo R.; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; Ferrari, Gerson
    This study aims to establish cut-off points for the number of minutes of physical activity intensity and the number of daily steps that identify overweight/obesity in adolescents, adults, and older adults. This study examined data from 2737 participants. Physical activity intensity and the number of daily steps were assessed using GT3X+ ActiGraph model accelerometers. Body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio were used as indicators of overweight/obesity. The cut-off points for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for the prevention of overweight/obesity according to body mass index in women ranged from 15.1 to 30.2 min/day; in men, the values were from 15.4 to 33.8 min/day. The lowest cut-off point for daily steps was established in the adolescent group for women and men (7304 and 5162). The highest value in women was 11,412 (51-65 years) and 13,234 in men (18-30 years). Results from measurements different from BMI, show average cut-off points for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and daily steps of 29.1/8348 and 43.5/10,456 according to waist-to-height ratio; and results of 29.3/11,900 and 44.3/11,056 according to the waist-to-hip ratio; in women and men respectively. A more specific recommendation of physical activity and daily steps adjusted by sex and age range is suggested to prevent overweight/obesity.