Browsing by Author "Giordano, Ady"

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    Antibacterial potential assessment of Nalca (Gunnera tinctoriaMol.) ethanolic extracts
    (2021) Velasquez, Patricia; Riquelme, Karla; Leyton, Felipe; Giordano, Ady; Gomez, Miguel; Montenegro, Gloria
    Nalca is an edible rhubarb-type plant from the southern of Chile; with studies focussing on petiole chemical and biological properties. This work evaluated for the first time the antibacterial capacities of three organs of nalca againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa. Petiole (P), root (R) and flower (F) ethanolic extracts at three different concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/mL) were evaluated by means of agar diffusion assay and MIC. The result showed that antibacterial activities are bacteria and concentration dependent, with root having the highest antimicrobial activity of the organs plant studied. Compared to commercial antibiotics, nalca extracts show promising control overPs. aeruginosa. The main polyphenolics of the extracts were identified by UPLC-MS/MS, observing for the first time caffeic, coumaric and gallic acids presence in all samples, with quercetin and rutin determined in petiole and flower extracts only. Our results contribute to better understanding of nalca attributes as potential source of antibacterial compounds to be used in nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industry.
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    Antioxidant Effect of Extracts from Native Chilean Plants on the Lipoperoxidation and Protein Oxidation of Bovine Muscle
    (2019) Bridi, Raquel; Giordano, Ady; Penailillo, Maria Fernanda; Montenegro, Gloria
    The present study investigated the antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation in bovine meat of four native Chilean species: canelo (Drimys winteri), nalca (Gunnera tinctoria), tiaca (Caldcluvia paniculata), and ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia). Phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and coumaric) and flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and rutin) were identified and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Drimys winteri extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity evaluated by oxygen radical absorption capacity-red pyrogallol method (ORAC-PGR) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. All extracts decreased lipid oxidation induced by 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) derived peroxyl radicals by anywhere between 30% and 50% the. In addition, canelo and nalca extracts decreased spontaneous oxidation by around 57% and 37% in relation to the control group, being even more efficient than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHT) a synthetic antioxidant. Protein oxidation in the myofibrillar proteins was evaluated by the formation of protein carbonyls and loss of protein thiols. The canelo, ulmo, and nalca extracts decreased the formation of carbonyls by around 30%. Plant extracts and BHT did not show an antioxidant effect on protein thiol loss. However, tiaca and ulmo extracts exerted a pro-oxidant effect, favoring the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. The oxidizing system induced structural changes in myofibrillar protein (SDS-PAGE). A protective effect on protein structure from the canelo extract can be observed during the incubation when compared to samples incubated with AAPH.
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    Assessment of the antinociceptive effect of a single fentanyl bolus dose in children: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis based on the nociception level index during sevoflurane general anesthesia
    (WILEY, 2024) Cruzat, Francisco; Ibacache, Mauricio; González, Alejandro; Pedemonte, Juan Cristobal; Contreras, Victor; Giordano, Ady; Cortínez, Ignacio
    Background The Nociception Level Index has shown benefits in estimating the nociception/antinociception balance in adults, but there is limited evidence in the pediatric population. Evaluating the index performance in children might provide valuable insights to guide opioid administration.AimsTo evaluate the Nociception Level Index ability to identify a standardized nociceptive stimulus and the analgesic effect of a fentanyl bolus. Additionally, to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of fentanyl with the Nociception Level Index response during sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsNineteen children, 5.3 (4.1-6.7) years, scheduled for lower abdominal or urological surgery, were studied. After sevoflurane anesthesia and caudal block, a tetanic stimulus (50 Hz, 60 mA, 5 s) was performed in the forearm. Following the administration of fentanyl 2 mu g/kg intravenous bolus, three similar consecutive tetanic stimuli were performed at 5-, 15-, and 30-min post-fentanyl administration. Changes in the Nociception Level Index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and bispectral index were compared in response to the tetanic stimuli. Fentanyl plasma concentrations and the Nociception Level Index data were used to elaborate a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using a sequential modeling approach in NONMEM (R).ResultsAfter the first tetanic stimulus, both the Nociception Level Index and the heart rate increased compared to baseline (8 +/- 7 vs. 19 +/- 10; mean difference (CI95) -12(-18--6) and 100 +/- 10 vs. 102 +/- 10; -2(-4--0.1)) and decrease following fentanyl administration (19 +/- 10 vs. 8 +/- 8; 12 (5-18) and 102 +/- 10 vs. 91 +/- 11; 11 (7-16)). In subsequent tetanic stimuli, heart rate remained unchanged, while the Nociception Level Index progressively increased within 15 min to values similar to those before fentanyl. An allometric weight-scaled, 3-compartment model best characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of fentanyl. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling analysis revealed hysteresis between fentanyl plasma concentrations and the Nociception Level Index response, characterized by plasma effect-site equilibration half-time of 1.69 (0.4-2.9) min. The estimated fentanyl C50 was 1.93 (0.73-4.2) ng/mL.ConclusionThe Nociception Level Index showed superior capability compared to traditional hemodynamic variables in discriminating different nociception-antinociception levels during varying fentanyl concentrations in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.
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    Biological activity of native Myrtaceae fruits from Chile as a potential functional food
    (2022) Velasquez, Patricia; Orellana, Jocelyn; Munoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Faundez, Mario; Gomez, Miguel; Montenegro, Gloria; Giordano, Ady
    Myrtaceae fruits (Myrceugenia obtusa, Luma apiculata, and Luma chequen) were used as food and medicine by Chilean indigenous people. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive properties of these berry-type fruits. The antioxidant capacity determined by the FRAP assay varied between 10.4 and 646.9 mmol Fe+2/g, while the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was 0 - 33 mm and 0 - 7.33 mm, respectively. All the extracts were rich in polyphenols and showed low cytotoxicity. Overall, M. obtusa presented dissimilar results compared to those of L. apiculata and L. chequen, encouraging the use of these native fruits as food, nutraceutical, or pharmacological ingredients.
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    Biological capacities of seven Chilean ferns
    (2024) Velasquez, Patricia; Trucco, Josefina; Munoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Bustos, Daniela; Viteri, Rafael; Montenegro, Gloria; Giordano, Ady
    Sticherus squamulosus, Hymenophyllum dentatum, Blechnum microphyllum, Polypodium Feuillei, Blechnum chilense, Lophosoria quadripinnata, and Lissopimpla excelsa are native fern species found in southern Chile and are often used in traditional medicine. However, their bioactive properties have not been confirmed. In this study, ethanolic extracts of ferns exhibited significant antibacterial capacity against human pathogens. H. dentatum and S. squamulosus were selected for further analysis owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities. The entire H. dentatum extract exhibited fungistatic and fungicidal capacity on Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The S. squamulosus extract presented the highest rutin content (222.5 mu g/g fern). In addition, the ethanolic extract of H. dentatum inhibited 91% of DPPH radicals. Therefore, both types of ferns can be used in the food industry.
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    Cellular mechanisms linking to outdoor and indoor air pollution damage during pregnancy
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2023) Chiarello, Delia I.; Ustariz, Javier; Marin, Reinaldo; Carrasco-Wong, Ivo; Farias, Marcelo; Giordano, Ady; Gallardo, Felipe S.; Illanes, Sebastian E.; Gutierrez, Jaime
    Pregnancies are a critical window period for environmental influences over the mother and the offspring. There is a growing body of evidence associating indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Particulate matter (PM) could trigger oxi-inflammation and could also reach the placenta leading to placental damage with fetal consequences. The combination of strategies such as risk assessment, advise about risks of environmental exposures to pregnant women, together with nutritional strategies and digital solutions to monitor air quality can be effective in mitigating the effects of air pollution during pregnancy.
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    Changes in the antibacterial capacity of Ulmo honey in relation to the contribution of Eucryphia cordifolia pollen
    (VUP FOOD RESEARCH INST, BRATISLAVA, 2021) Montenegro, Gloria; Velasquez, Patricia; Viteri, Rafael; Giordano, Ady
    Ulmo honey is known for its antibacterial characteristics. However, the importance of the content from Eucryphia cordifolia in the honey regarding its non-peroxidic antibacterial capacity is unknown. The present work evaluated the antibacterial activity of Ulmo honey with various percentages of pollen from E. cordifolia against various bacteria, determine the non-peroxidic capacity of Ulmo honey and, finally, compare that capacity with Manuka and Jarrah honeys. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion test and the non-peroxide capacity was evaluated by the reactivity with the catalase enzyme. The tests were carried out against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The results showed a relationship between the percentage of floral pollen from E. cordifolia and the antibacterial activity of Ulmo honey. It was also observed than the antibacterial activity of Ulmo honey can have values similar to Manuka and Jarrah honeys.
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    Combinación de extractos de notro (Embothrium coccineum) y maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) con capacidad antibacteriana, composiciones y uso (Chile, concesión n° 68427)
    Giordano, Ady; Montenegro Rizzardini, Gloria Del Carmen; Ojeda Flores, Camila Fernanda; Velásquez, Patricia
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    Effect of cellulose nanofibrils on vancomycin drug release from chitosan nanocomposite films
    (2023) Cabrera-Barjas, Gustavo; Becheran, Liliam; Valdes, Oscar; Giordano, Ady; Segura-del Rio, Rodrigo; Bravo-Arrepol, Gaston; Duran-Lara, Esteban F.; Cea, Juan; Berg, Alex; Castanos, Johana; Rodriguez-Llamazares, Saddys; Fuentes, Gaston; Katsarov, Plamen; Lukova, Paolina; Delattre, Cedric
    Overuse of antibiotic drugs usually leads to the further development of resistance to targeted bacteria. In this context, a controlled release system could be a solution to achieve higher drug efficiency without overdosing and drug resistance. In this work, nanocomposite films based on chitosan (CHI) reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) for antibiotic release were prepared and characterized. Several nanocomposite films containing vancomycin hydrochloride and different amounts of CNF (5, 10, and 20 wt%) were prepared by the solvent casting method. Spectroscopic (FTIR), thermal (TG), morphological (SEM), mechanical, and swelling analyses of the films were performed to study the effect of nanofibers content on the nanocomposite properties. A good dispersion of CNF and the model drug was observed in the CHI matrix. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between the film components (CNF and CHI). Film swelling capacity decreased with an increase of CNF content in the film formulation, whereas stiffness and tensile strength of the film increased. In addition, vancomycin release at pH = 7.4 was studied, and it was observed that controlled slower release could be achieved by tuning the CNF content in the chitosan film. The results confirm that these films could be useful for pharmaceutical purposes where the controlled release of drugs is required.
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    Effect of Extraction Methods and In Vitro Bio-Accessibility of Microencapsulated Lemon Extract
    (2022) Giovagnoli-Vicuna, Claudia; Briones-Labarca, Vilbett; Soledad Romero, Maria; Giordano, Ady; Pizarro, Sebastian
    The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits, such as lemon, has gained relevance because these compounds have beneficial properties for health, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, the extraction method can significantly affect these properties. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound, as emerging extraction methods, constitute an alternative to conventional extraction, improving extractability and obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Therefore, lemon extracts (LEs) were obtained by conventional (orbital shaking), ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction. Extracts were then microencapsulated with maltodextrin at 10% (M10), 20% (M20), and 30% (M30). The impact of microencapsulation on LEs physicochemical properties, phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and relative bio-accessibility (RB) was evaluated. M30 promoted a higher microencapsulation efficiency for TPC and TFC, and a longer time required for microcapsules to dissolve in water, as moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity decreased. The RBs of TPC and TFC were higher in microcapsules with M30, and lower when conventional extraction was used. The data suggest that microencapsulated LE is promising as it protects the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. In addition, this freeze-dried product can be utilized as a functional ingredient for food or supplement formulations.
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    Eucryphia cordifolia extracts: Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activities
    (2021) Viteri, Rafael; Giordano, Ady; Montenegro, Gloria; Zacconi, Flavia C. M.
    Eucryphia cordifolia is a native and dominant species from the Temperate Forest in the southern region of Chile. It is a crucial melliferous species producing unifloral honey with outstanding antibacterial properties with great commercial value at international markets. A phytochemical screening was developed by colorimetric and gravimetric methods. Antioxidant activities were assessed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the method used to determine the antibacterial activity. The results revealed the highest antioxidant activity for the methanolic extracts of branches (IC50 35.7 mu g/mL for DPPH, IC50 11.0 mu g/mL for ABTS, and 4.6 mM FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O/g in FRAP), attributed to its high content of total phenols (332.8 mg GAE/g). The quantification of the MBC led to values in the range of 0.78-12.5 mg/mL for S. aureus and S. pyogenes, and 6.25-50 mg/mL for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The presented work provides valuable first in vitro evidence regarding the potential application of E. cordifolia extracts as antioxidants and antibacterial agents in the nutraceutical and phytopharmaceutical industry.
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    Floral Pollen Bioactive Properties and Their Synergy in Honeybee Pollen
    (2023) Velásquez, Patricia; Muñoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Grimau, Lissette; Bustos, Daniela; Montenegro, Gloria; Giordano, AdyVelásquez, Patricia; Muñoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Grimau, Lissette; Bustos, Daniela; Montenegro, Gloria; Giordano, Ady
    Honeybee pollen (HBP) is a mixture of floral pollen collected by honeybees near the hive. It is characterized by a composition rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamins that act as free radicals scavengers, conferring antioxidant and antibacterial capacity to the matrix. These bioactive properties are related to the botanical origin of the honeybee pollen. Honeybee pollen samples were collected from different geographical locations in central Chile, and their total carotenoid content, polyphenols profile by HPLC/MS/MS, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antimicrobial capacity against S. pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, and P. auriginosa strains were evaluated. Our results showed a good carotenoids content and polyphenols composition, while antioxidant capacity presented values between 0–95 % for the scavenging effect related to the botanical origin of the samples. Inhibition diameter for the different strains presented less variability among the samples, Furthermore, binary mixtures representing the two most abundant species in each HBP were prepared to assess the synergy effect of the floral pollen (FP) present in the samples. Data shows an antagonist effect was observed when assessing the carotenoid content, and a synergy effect often presents for antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity for bee pollen samples. The bioactive capacities of the honeybee pollen and their synergy effect could apply to develop new functional ingredients for the food industry.
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    Influence of chitin nanofibers and gallic acid on physical-chemical and biological performances of chitosan-based films
    (2024) Cabrera-Barjas, Gustavo; Albornoz, Karin; Belchi, Maria Dolores Lopez; Giordano, Ady; Bravo-Arrepol, Gaston; Moya-Elizondo, Ernesto; San Martin, Juan; Valdes, Oscar; Nesic, Aleksandra
    In this work, chitosan films loaded with gallic acid and different content of chitin nanofibers were prepared and subjected to different characterization techniques. The results showed that the inclusion of gallic acid to chitosan films caused moderate decrease in water vapor permeability (by 29 %) and increased tensile strength of films (by 169 %) in comparison to the neat chitosan films. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chitin nanofibers up to 30 % into chitosan/gallic acid films additionally improved tensile strength (by 474 %) and reduced plasticity of films (by 171 %), when compared to the chitosan/gallic acid films. Increased concentration of chitin nanofibers in films reduced the overall water vapor permeability of films by 51 %. In addition, gallic acid and chitin nanofibers had synergic effect on high chitosan film's antioxidant and antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea (both above 95 %). Finally, chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers films reduced decay incidence of strawberries, increased total soluble solid content, and promoted high production of some polyphenols during cold storage, in comparison to the control chitosan films and uncoated strawberry samples. Hence, these results suggest that chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers can present eco-sustainable approach for preservation of strawberries, giving them additional nutritional value.
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    Influence ofBrassica campestrisandGalega officinalison Antioxidant Activity of Bee Pollen
    (2020) Munoz, Eduardo; Velasquez, Patricia; Rodriguez, Karina; Montenegro, Gloria; Giordano, Ady
    The presence of polyphenol compounds in bee pollen differs with the floral species that comprise the pollen. These polyphenols are thus responsible for the free radical scavenging ability that the pollen exhibits. To correlate the botanical origin with the polyphenol content of Chilean bee pollen, samples were extracted in methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity were determined in all samples along with the polyphenol HPLC profile. According to the melissopalynological analysis, samples were either monofloral or multifloral bee pollen, with total polyphenol content between 7.7 and 22mg eq gallic acid/g of bee pollen and total flavonoid content between 76 and 296mg quercetin/kg pollen. All extracts showed an antioxidative activity for the ABTS radical of 23.9 to 43 mg eq trolox/g of bee pollen, and lower values for DPPH scavenging capacity (0.98 to 4.74 mg eq trolox/g of bee pollen). Coumaric acid and caffeic acid were present in all bee pollen, but different polyphenol profiles were observed among the samples. Results show a high correlation between the properties exhibited and the relative amount of pollen fromBrassica campestris and Galega officinalis in the sample, indicating a dependence of the bioactivity of bee pollen with the botanical origin and chemical composition.
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    Mayten Tree Seed Oil: Nutritional Value Evaluation According to Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive Properties
    (2021) Ginocchio, Rosanna; Munoz-Carvajal, Eduardo; Velasquez, Patricia; Giordano, Ady; Montenegro, Gloria; Colque-Perez, German; Saez-Navarrete, Cesar
    The Mayten tree (Maytenus boaria Mol.), a native plant of Chile that grows under environmentally limiting conditions, was historically harvested to extract an edible oil, and may represent an opportunity to expand current vegetable oil production. Seeds were collected from Mayten trees in north-central Chile, and seed oil was extracted by solvent extraction. The seed oil showed a reddish coloration, with quality parameters similar to those of other vegetable oils. The fatty acid composition revealed high levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids, which are relevant to the human diet, were well represented in the extracted Mayten tree seed oil. The oil displayed an antioxidant capacity due to the high contents of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols and carotenoids) and may have potential health benefits for diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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    Microencapsulation of Chilean Papaya Waste Extract and Its Impact on Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties
    (2023) Fuentes, Yihajara; Giovagnoli-Vicuna, Claudia; Faundez, Mario; Giordano, Ady
    The microencapsulation of bioactive extracts of Chilean papaya waste, including both seeds and skin, was investigated. Papaya waste extract microcapsules utilizing maltodextrin at 10% (MD10), 20% (MD20), and 30% (MD30) (w/v) as the wall material through the freeze-drying process were obtained, and subsequently their physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The TPC efficiency and yield values achieved were more than 60% for the microencapsulated seed and skin extracts, respectively. The best results for phenolic and antioxidant compounds were found in the microencapsulated seed extract with MD20, with a value of 44.20 +/- 3.32 EAG/g DW for total phenols and an antioxidant capacity of 12.0 +/- 0.32 mol ET/g DW for the DPPH and 236.3 +/- 4.1 mol ET/g DW for the FRAP assay. In addition, the seed and skin samples reduced ROS generation in H2O2-treated Hek293 cells. In terms of antimicrobial activity, values ranging from 7 to 15 mm of inhibitory halos were found, with the maximum value corresponding to the inhibition of S. aureus, for both microencapsulated extracts. Therefore, the successful microencapsulation of the waste bioactive extracts (seed and skin) with the demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties highlight the bioactivity from Chilean papaya waste resources.
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    Nutritional and antioxidant potential of Chilean native fruits: lleuque (Prumnopitys andina) and copihue (Lapageria rosea)
    (VUP FOOD RESEARCH INST, BRATISLAVA, 2021) Giovagnoli vicuna, Claudia; Velasquez, Patricia; Montenegro, Gloria; Espejo, Jaime; Gomez, Miguel; Cabrera barjas, Gustavo; Giordano, Ady
    Nutritional and antioxidant properties of pulp and seeds of lleuque (Prumnopitys andina) and copihue (Lapageria rosea) were investigated. Proximal analysis revealed that the pulps are rich in carbohydrates, whereas the seeds are a good source of fibre. Both pulps exhibited higher phenolics content (PC) and flavonoids content (FC), as well as antioxidant capacities, compared to seeds. The data showed that PC correlated with antioxidant capacity the strongest, followed by FC and anthocyanins content. It was observed that global antioxidant score and relative antioxidant capacity index represented the antioxidant capacity behaviour of the extracts. According to the polyphenol antioxidant coefficients calculation, PC was an important contributor to antioxidant capacity of all extracts. The results of this study confirmed that the native Chilean fruits lleuque and copihue are an excellent source of antioxidants.
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    Phytochemical variation of wild and farmed populations of boldo (Peumus boldus Molina)
    (2023) Fuentes-Barros, Gonzalo; Echeverria, Javier; Mattar, Cesar; Liberona, Leonel; Giordano, Ady; Suarez-Rozas, Cristian; Salas-Norambuena, Julio; Gonzalez-Cooper, Antonia; Cassels, Bruce K.; Castro-Saavedra, Sebastian
    The phytochemical profile of six wild and one cultivated Peumus boldus (boldo) populations from different regions of north-central, central and south-central Chile was studied. In leaves, wood, and bark, alkaloids and phenolics were analyzed by UHPLC-MS-MS and leaf essential oils by GC-MS. In each population, compounds were found to exhibit high variability, but important differences were recorded at the population level. The north-central wild populations showed higher concentrations of alkaloids and polyphenols in leaves and alkaloids in the bark compared to more southern populations. Saplings farmed under different shade conditions contained higher species-characteristic leaf polyphenolic concentrations with increasing light while most alkaloids increased with the shade. When analyzed the following year, higenamine, boldine, isocorydine and Nmethyllaurotetanine increased. The principal components of the leaf essential oils from the wild populations were p-cymene, ascaridole and 1,8-cineole, while in the farmed trees ascaridole was replaced by its precursor & alpha;-terpinene as the second most abundant constituent. Although multiple factors may affect the concentration of secondary metabolites and geographic provenances with its attending differences in sunlight and rainfall has been suggested as one of these, the present work shows that latitude by itself cannot explain differences that have a clear impact on quality from the medicinal standpoint.
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    Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity (ORAC, EPR and Cellular) of Different Extracts of Argylia radiata Vitroplants and Natural Roots
    (2022) Giordano, Ady; Morales-Tapia, Pablo; Moncada-Basualto, Mauricio; Pozo-Martinez, Josue; Olea-Azar, Claudio; Nesic, Aleksandra; Cabrera-Barjas, Gustavo
    Plant biochemistry studies have increased in recent years due to their potential to improve human health. Argylia radiata is an extremophile plant with an interesting polyphenolic profile. However, its biomass is scarce and occasionally available. Argylia in vitro biomass was obtained from tissue culture and compared with in vivo roots regarding its polyphenolic and flavonoid content. Different solvents were used to prepare extracts from the in vitro tissue of callus and aerial plant organs and in vivo roots. UPLC-MS/MS was used to assess the chemical composition of each extract. ORAC-FL and scavenging of free radicals (DPPH and OH) methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of extracts. Furthermore, the biological activity of the extracts was established using the cellular antioxidant activity method. The vitroplants were a good source of polyphenols (25-68 mg GAE/100 g tissue FW), and methanol was the most efficient solvent. Eight polyphenolic compounds were identified, and their antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods with EPR demonstrating its specific scavenging activity against free radicals. All extracts showed cellular dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of vitroplants showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity (44.6% and 51%) at 1 and 10 mu g/mL of extract, respectively. Vitroplants of A. radiata are proposed as a biotechnological product as a source of antioxidant compounds with multiple applications.
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    Rapid Scanning of the Origin and Antioxidant Potential of Chilean Native Honey Through Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
    (2019) Giordano, Ady; Retamal, Mauricio; Fuentes, Edwar; Ascar, Loreto; Velasquez, Patricia; Rodriguez, Karina; Montenegro, Gloria
    Antioxidant compounds have the ability to trap free radicals; in honey, this capacity is related to the botanical origin of the sample, and therefore, there has been a growing interest in verifying the floral origin of beehive products and its relation with the polyphenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity. A FTIR spectrum has been use to discriminate floral origin in Chilean monofloral samples and to predict their antioxidant capacity. Forty-nine honey samples from different geographical zones and botanical origin were classified according to melissopalynology analysis, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. Discriminant analysis showed that Quillay (Quillaja saponaria), Corcolen (Azara petiolaris), and Tebo (Retanilla trinervia) honeys showed similarities related to their common geographical origin, while Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) presents a differentiate behavior. The FTIR spectra were able to predict phenolic and flavonoid content, establishing the potential of spectroscopic tools for quality control in Chilean beehive industry.