Browsing by Author "Fuster, Rodrigo"

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    Desalinización: oportunidades y desafíos para abordar la inseguridad hídrica en chile
    (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación, 2022) Vicuña, Sebastián; Daniele, Linda; Farías, Laura; González, Humberto; Marquet, Pablo A.; Palma Behnke, Rodrigo; Stehr, Alejandra; Urquiza, Anahí; Wagemann, Elizabeth; Arenas Herrera, María J.; Bórquez, Rodrigo; Cornejo Ponce, Lorena; Delgado, Verónica; Etcheberry, Gabriel; Fragkou, María Christina; Fuster, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Melo, Óscar; Monsalve, Tamara; Olivares, Marcelo; Ramajo, Laura; Ramírez Pascualli, Carlos; Rojas, Carolina; Rojas, Christian; Vilca Salinas, Patricia; Winckler, Patricio; Winckler, Patricio; Lambert, Fabrice
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    Infrastructure Conditions and Service Quality in Rural Drinking Water Systems: A Cluster Analysis of Community-Based Organizations in Chile
    (2024) Bopp, Carlos; Nicolas-Artero, Chloé; Blanco, Elisa; Fuster, Rodrigo
    In many countries, the drinking water provision in rural areas is in the charge of the users themselves, who constitute rural watersupply services (RWS) to operate and maintain the public infrastructure provided by the State. However, in practice, the condition of thecomponents of the implied infrastructure managed by RWS varies considerably, which has important implications for delivering high-qualityservice. This case study explores the nexus among infrastructure conditions, performance outcomes, and organization characteristics usingthe case of Chile. Using representatives’assessments from 406 RWS regarding the need for the replacement of several components oftheir system’s infrastructure, an index of infrastructure conditions was constructed and subjected to a cluster analysis that identified threedissimilar groups of RWS. The top condition cluster represents a reference group (benchmark) that exhibits the highest scores in water quality,quantity, and delivery reliability, which highlights the association between infrastructure conditions and performance outcomes. In addition,a comparison of RWS attributes of these three clusters allowed us to characterize them in terms of structural, organizational, management,and environmental variables. This study sheds light on the role of RWS infrastructure in enabling these organizations to deliver high-qualityservice, and the findings serve to guide policy actions and tailored planning. The methodology presented here can be applied in otherregions beyond that of the case study because it represents a low-cost tool to measure the infrastructure condition of RWS based on rep-resentatives’assessments and is an effective and practical way to distinguish RWS most in need of support. DOI:10.1061/JWRMD5.WRENG-6318 © 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers
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    Water allocation under climate change: A diagnosis of the Chilean system
    (2021) Barria, Pilar; Barria Sandoval, Ignacio; Guzman, Carlos; Chadwick, Cristian; Alvarez-Garreton, Camila; Diaz-Vasconcellos, Raul; Ocampo-Melgar, Anahi; Fuster, Rodrigo
    Chile is positioned in the 20th rank of water availability per capita. Nonetheless, water security levels vary across the territory. Around 70% of the national population lives in arid and semiarid regions, where a persistent drought has been experienced over the last decade. This has led to water security problems including water shortages. The water allocation and trading system in Chile is based on a water use rights (WURs) market, with limited regulatory and supervisory mechanisms, where the volume to be granted as permanent and eventual WURs is calculated from statistical analyses of historical streamflow records if available, or from empirical estimations if they are not. This computation of WURs does not consider the nonstationarity of hydrological processes nor climatic projections. This study presents the first large sample diagnosis of water allocation system in Chile under climate change scenarios. This is based on novel anthropic intervention indices (IAI), which were computed as the ratio between the total granted water volume to the water availability within 87 basins in north-central and southern Chile (30 degrees S-42 degrees S).The IAI were evaluated for the historical period (1979-2019) and under modeled-based climatic projections (2055-2080). According to these IAI levels, to date, there are 20 out of 87 overallocated basins, which under the assumption that no further WURs will be granted in the future, increases up to 25 basins for the 2055-2080 period. The results show that, to date most of north-central Chilean catchments already have a large anthropic intervention degree, and the increases for the future period occurs mostly in the southern region of the country (approximately 38 degrees S), which has been considered as possible source of water for large water transfer projects (i.e., water roads). These indices and diagnosis are proposed as a tool to help policy makers to address water scarcity under climate change.