Browsing by Author "Fuentes, Claudio "

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    A Bayesian Mixture Cure Rate Model for Estimating Short-Term and Long-Term Recidivism
    (2023) de la Cruz, Rolando; Fuentes, Claudio; Padilla, Oslando
    Mixture cure rate models have been developed to analyze failure time data where a proportion never fails. For such data, standard survival models are usually not appropriate because they do not account for the possibility of non-failure. In this context, mixture cure rate models assume that the studied population is a mixture of susceptible subjects who may experience the event of interest and non-susceptible subjects that will never experience it. More specifically, mixture cure rate models are a class of survival time models in which the probability of an eventual failure is less than one and both the probability of eventual failure and the timing of failure depend (separately) on certain individual characteristics. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to estimate parametric mixture cure rate models with covariates. The probability of eventual failure is estimated using a binary regression model, and the timing of failure is determined using a Weibull distribution. Inference for these models is attained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods under the proposed Bayesian framework. Finally, we illustrate the method using data on the return-to-prison time for a sample of prison releases of men convicted of sexual crimes against women in England and Wales and we use mixture cure rate models to investigate the risk factors for long-term and short-term survival of recidivism.
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    A divided society: social perceptions about indigenous peoples' rights in Chile
    (2024) Fuentes, Claudio; de Cea, Maite; Miranda, Catalina
    The recognition of indigenous people's rights, both legally and socially, poses a significant challenge for contemporary democracies. This article focuses on the acceptance or rejection of indigenous rights by citizens and elites in Chile, often framed as a debate between multiculturalism and plurinationalism. However, we argue that these labels fail to capture the nuanced distinctions present at the societal level. To address this limitation, we propose a methodological strategy that examines how individuals align themselves with specific sets of rights for indigenous peoples. Through this approach, we identify three distinct groups: pluriculturalists, who support only indigenous cultural rights; multiculturalists, who advocate for cultural rights along with specific additional rights; and plurinationalists, who advocate for the recognition of a broad range of rights. We contend that the political dimensions of recognition - including self-government and territorial autonomies - generate significant controversy within Chilean society and posit that achieving constitutional consecration of these rights is unlikely.
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    An experiential account of a large-scale interdisciplinary data analysis of public engagement
    (2023) Goni, Julian Inaki; Fuentes, Claudio; Paz Raveau, Maria
    This article presents our experience as a multidisciplinary team systematizing and analyzing the transcripts from a large-scale (1.775 conversations) series of conversations about Chile's future. This project called "Tenemos Que Hablar de Chile" [We have to talk about Chile] gathered more than 8000 people from all municipalities, achieving gender, age, and educational parity. In this sense, this article takes an experiential approach to describe how certain interdisciplinary methodological decisions were made. We sought to apply analytical variables derived from social science theories and operationalize them through modern linguistics to guide a more theoretically informed natural language processing. The analysis was divided into three stages: (1) a descriptive analysis adapting descriptions of computational grounded theory, (2) a futurization analysis operationalizing concepts from futures studies, and (3) an argumentative analysis operationalizing concepts from argumentation theory. Overall, our methodological experimentation shed light on potential learnings for integrating a multidisciplinary perspective on NLP analysis with sensitive social content. Firstly, we developed a strategy for translation of knowledge based on the construction of what we called "analytical categories" in which a normative expectation or descriptive dimension was identified in the body of literature, operationalized through linguistics, and programmed in Python or R. Ultimately, we seek to reflect on the importance interdisciplinarity not only as means to find new analysis ideas but rather, to incorporate the critical, political and epistemological points of view to understand analysis as complex socio-technical processes.
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    Analytical categories to describe deficit attributions in deep disagreements between citizens and experts
    (2021) Fuentes, Claudio ; Goñi, Julian “Iñaki” ; Miranda, Constanza
    Disagreements often arise from citizen-expert collaboration, as both agents share a different epistemic worldview. Fogelin, following Wittgenstein, proposed that some disagreements (i.e. deep disagreements) cannot be rationally solved when participants share different forms of life. Citizen-expert is an exemplar of this sort of disagreement. Moreover, deep disagreements are often followed by deficit attributions from one of the agents to the other, regarding their epistemic understanding, credibility, and motives. Articulating the notions of deep disagreements and deficit attributions, as well as reviewing the complementary concept of epistemic injustice, we have constructed analytical categories that allow us to understand two things: (1) how deficit attributions operate in dialogical contexts of deep disagreements and (2) what types of deficit attributions we can find. We expect that this characterization can serve to analyze citizen-expert dialogues and the pursuit of more modest and inclusive forms of conversation.