Browsing by Author "Flores Aqueveque, Valentina"

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    Develando Terra Incognita. Una búsqueda arqueológica de las primeras ocupaciones humanas en los salares de Infieles y Pedernales (3000-4100 msnm, 25°-26°S), Región de Atacama, Chile
    (2021) Lopez Mendoza, Patricio; Carrasco Gonzalez, Carlos; Loyola Munoz, Rodrigo; Flores Aqueveque, Valentina; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Maldonado Castro, Antonio; Martinez Rivera, Ismael
    The results of archaeological surface surveys carried out on Infieles (25 degrees 58'39' S-69 degrees 03'25 '' W) and Pedernales (26 degrees 13'59 '' S-69 degrees 07' 16 '' W) salt flats, Atacama, Chile, located at an altitude from 3000 to 4100 mast are presented. Both surveys were carried out in areas that directly connect the Arid North with the Semiarid. The surveys are part of a project that investigates areas with potential human occupations during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and are targeted at specific sectors such as river terraces, alluvial fans, wetlands, and salt flats. The variability of the archaeological record is discussed within the framework of the regional pre-Hispanic and historic sequence, and especially within the context of the first human occupations of the salt flats.
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    Machine learning-based identification of geomorphological units in Quintero Bay (32°S) and its implications for the search for early drowned archaeological sites on the western coast of South America
    (2024) Flores Aqueveque, Valentina; Neira Santander, Hugo; Ortega, Cristina; Méndez Melgar, Cesar Augusto; Car,tajena Isabel; Simonetti, Renato; Carabias, Diego
    High-resolution predictive modeling of submerged landscapes has successfully allowed the detection of early archaeological sites that are presently underwater. These models have traditionally relied on geophysical techniques, which can be both time-consuming and expensive, especially for extensive survey areas. In contrast, geomorphological mapping using Machine Learning (ML) techniques has emerged as a rapid and accessible alternative with numerous advantages over conventional methods. In this work, we employ ML algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Partial Least Squares, and Principal Component Analysis) trained on land to analyze the seabed of Quintero Bay to identify relic landforms that characterize the paleolandscape within which the submerged early site GNLQ1 formed. The methodology also included a multicriteria analysis that integrated geological (geomorphological, tectonic, eustatic) and archaeological (attributes of non-submerged records in the region) approaches to delineate potential areas of archaeological interest. The findings of this work can guide and enhance future archaeological research. The results underscore the importance of possessing a comprehensive understanding of the study area and its associated variables to the successful application of ML techniques. This also applies to modeling drowned paleolandscapes. Nevertheless, despite these challenges, ML-based modeling of drowned paleolandscapes can provide an overview of the distribution of geoforms comprising the paleolandscape, which in turn can help identify future geophysical survey areas to focus on in the search for archaeological evidence, thereby improving our understanding of the relationship between early human groups and these landscapes.
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    Technological and Protein Residue Analysis on Ancient Stemmed Projectile Points of the Southern Andes Highlands
    (2024) Loyola, Rodrigo; López-Mendoza, Patricio; Carrasco, Carlos; Walker, Cam; Fagan, John; Méndez Muñoz, Víctor Andrés; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Flores Aqueveque, Valentina; Soto, Angélica
    We present the results of technological and protein residue analyses of the lithic assemblagesrecovered at the Pedernales-38 site (26.5°S; 69°W), located in the highlands of the southernAndes (3380 masl). Based on a reconstruction of the operational chains and the differentialrepresentation of their phases, we suggest that the final production, use, maintenance, anddiscard of large stemmed projectile points occurred at the site. Of the assemblage studied, nine(9) projectile points and one end-scraper were subjected to residue analysis using cross-overimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Four positive reactions to antisera of human, camelid (guanacoor vicuña) and canid (Andean fox) were recorded. The results are discussed based on thedepositional context and the structure of the archeological record. We propose that Pedernalesprojectile points were mainly used in hunting weapons to capture wild camelids during theseasonal occupation of the Andes highlands