Browsing by Author "Ferrara, Gerardo"

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    International Skin Imaging Collaboration-Designated Diagnoses (ISIC-DX): Consensus terminology for lesion diagnostic labeling
    (2024) Scope, Alon; Liopyris, Konstantinos; Weber, Jochen; Barnhill, Raymond L.; Braun, Ralph P.; Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara N.; Elder, David E.; Ferrara, Gerardo; Grant-Kels, Jane M.; Jeunon, Thiago; Lallas, Aimilios; Lin, Jennifer Y.; Marchetti, Michael A.; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Navarrete-Dechent, Cristian; Pellacani, Giovanni; Soyer, Hans Peter; Stratigos, Alexander; Thomas, Luc; Kittler, Harald; Rotemberg, Veronica; Halpern, Allan C.
    Background: A common terminology for diagnosis is critically important for clinical communication, education, research and artificial intelligence. Prevailing lexicons are limited in fully representing skin neoplasms. Objectives: To achieve expert consensus on diagnostic terms for skin neoplasms and their hierarchical mapping. Methods: Diagnostic terms were extracted from textbooks, publications and extant diagnostic codes. Terms were hierarchically mapped to super-categories (e.g. 'benign') and cellular/tissue-differentiation categories (e.g. 'melanocytic'), and appended with pertinent-modifiers and synonyms. These terms were evaluated using a modified-Delphi consensus approach. Experts from the International-Skin-Imaging-Collaboration (ISIC) were surveyed on agreement with terms and their hierarchical mapping; they could suggest modifying, deleting or adding terms. Consensus threshold was >75% for the initial rounds and >50% for the final round. Results: Eighteen experts completed all Delphi rounds. Of 379 terms, 356 (94%) reached consensus in round one. Eleven of 226 (5%) benign-category terms, 6/140 (4%) malignant-category terms and 6/13 (46%) indeterminate-category terms did not reach initial agreement. Following three rounds, final consensus consisted of 362 terms mapped to 3 super-categories and 41 cellular/tissue-differentiation categories. Conclusions: We have created, agreed upon, and made public a taxonomy for skin neoplasms and their hierarchical mapping. Further study will be needed to evaluate the utility and completeness of the lexicon.
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    Nonstandard Errors
    (2024) Menkveld, Albert J.; Dreber, Anna; Holzmeister, Felix; Huber, Juergen; Johannesson, Magnus; Kirchler, Michael; Neususs, Sebastian; Razen, Michael; Weitzel, Utz; Abad-Diaz, David; Abudy, Menachem (Meni); Adrian, Tobias; Ait-Sahalia, Yacine; Akmansoy, Olivier; Alcock, Jamie T.; Alexeev, Vitali; Aloosh, Arash; Amato, Livia; Amaya, Diego; Angel, James J.; Avetikian, Alejandro T.; Bach, Amadeus; Baidoo, Edwin; Bakalli, Gaetan; Bao, Li; Barbon, Andrea; Bashchenko, Oksana; Bindra, Parampreet C.; Bjonnes, Geir H.; Black, Jeffrey R.; Black, Bernard S.; Bogoev, Dimitar; Bohorquez Correa, Santiago; Bondarenko, Oleg; Bos, Charles S.; Bosch-Rosa, Ciril; Bouri, Elie; Brownlees, Christian; Calamia, Anna; Viet Nga Cao; Capelle-Blancard, Gunther; Romero, Laura M. Capera; Caporin, Massimiliano; Carrion, Allen; Caskurlu, Tolga; Chakrabarty, Bidisha; Chen, Jian; Chernov, Mikhail; Cheung, William; Chincarini, Ludwig B.; Chordia, Tarun; Chow, Sheung-Chi; Clapham, Benjamin; Colliard, Jean-Edouard; Comerton-Forde, Carole; Curran, Edward; Thong Dao; Dare, Wale; Davies, Ryan J.; De Blasis, Riccardo; De Nard, Gianluca F.; Declerck, Fany; Deev, Oleg; Degryse, Hans; Deku, Solomon Y.; Desagre, Christophe; Van Dijk, Mathijs A.; Dim, Chukwuma; Dimpfl, Thomas; Dong, Yun Jiang; Drummond, Philip A.; Dudda, Tom; Duevski, Teodor; Dumitrescu, Ariadna; Dyakov, Teodor; Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo; Dzielinski, Michal; Eksi, Asli; El Kalak, Izidin; ter Ellen, Saskia; Eugster, Nicolas; Evans, Martin D. D.; Farrell, Michael; Felez-Vinas, Ester; Ferrara, Gerardo; Ferrouhi, El Mehdi; Flori, Andrea; Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan T.; Foley, Sean D. V.; Fong, Kingsley Y. L.; Foucault, Thierry; Franus, Tatiana; Franzoni, Francesco; Frijns, Bart; Frommel, Michael; Fu, Servanna M.; Fullbrunn, Sascha C.; Gan, Baoqing; Gao, Ge; Gehrig, Thomas P.; Gemayel, Roland; Gerritsen, Dirk; Gil-Bazo, Javier; Gilder, Dudley; Glosten, Lawrence R.; Gomez, Thomas; Gorbenko, Arseny; Grammig, Joachim; Gregoire, Vincent; Gucbilmez, Ufuk; Hagstromer, Bjorn; Hambuckers, Julien; Hapnes, Erik; Harris, Jeffrey H.; Harris, Lawrence; Hartmann, Simon; Hasse, Jean-Baptiste; Hautsch, Nikolaus; He, Xue-Zhong (Tony); Heath, Davidson; Hediger, Simon; Hendershott, Terrence; Hibbert, Ann Marie; Hjalmarsson, Erik; Hoelscher, Seth A.; Hoffmann, Peter; Holden, Craig W.; Horenstein, Alex R.; Huang, Wenqian; Huang, Da; Hurlin, Christophe; Ilczuk, Konrad; Ivashchenko, Alexey; Iyer, Subramanian R.; Jahanshahloo, Hossein; Jalkh, Naji; Jones, Charles M.; Jurkatis, Simon; Jylha, Petri; Kaeck, Andreas T.; Kaiser, Gabriel; Karam, Arze; Karmaziene, Egle; Kassner, Bernhard; Kaustia, Markku; Kazak, Ekaterina; Kearney, Fearghal; Van Kervel, Vincent; Khan, Saad A.; Khomyn, Marta K.; Klein, Tony; Klein, Olga; Klos, Alexander; Koetter, Michael; Kolokolov, Aleksey; Korajczyk, Robert A.; Kozhan, Roman; Krahnen, Jan P.; Kuhle, Paul; Kwan, Amy; Lajaunie, Quentin; Lam, F. Y. Eric C.; Lambert, Marie; Langlois, Hugues; Lausen, Jens; Lauter, Tobias; Leippold, Markus; Levin, Vladimir; Li, Yijie; Li, Hui; Liew, Chee Yoong; Lindner, Thomas; Linton, Oliver; Liu, Jiacheng; Liu, Anqi; Llorente, Guillermo; Lof, Matthijs; Lohr, Ariel; Longstaff, Francis; Lopez-Lira, Alejandro; Mankad, Shawn; Mano, Nicola; Marchal, Alexis; Martineau, Charles; Mazzola, Francesco; Meloso, Debrah; Mi, Michael G.; Mihet, Roxana; Mohan, Vijay; Moinas, Sophie; Moore, David; Mu, Liangyi; Muravyev, Dmitriy; Murphy, Dermot; Neszveda, Gabor; Muravyev, Dmitriy; Murphy, Dermot; Neszveda, Gabor; Neumeier, Christian; Nielsson, Ulf; Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah; Nolte, Sven; Norden, Lars L.; O'Neill, Peter; Obaid, Khaled; Odegaard, Bernt A.; Ostberg, Per; Pagnotta, Emiliano; Painter, Marcus; Palan, Stefan; Palit, Imon J.; Park, Andreas; Pascual, Roberto; Pasquariello, Paolo; Pastor, Lubos; Patel, Vinay; Patton, Andrew J.; Pearson, Neil D.; Pelizzon, Loriana; Pelli, Michele; Pelster, Matthias; Perignon, Christophe; Pfiffer, Cameron; Philip, Richard; Plihal, Tomas; Prakash, Puneet; Press, Oliver-Alexander; Prodromou, Tina; Prokopczuk, Marcel; Putnins, Talis; Qian, Ya; Raizada, Gaurav; Rakowski, David; Ranaldo, Angelo; Regis, Luca; Reitz, Stefan; Renault, Thomas; Renjie, Rex W.; Reno, Roberto; Riddiough, Steven J.; Rinne, Kalle; Rintamaki, Paul; Riordan, Ryan; Rittmannsberger, Thomas; Longarela, Inaki Rodriguez; Roesch, Dominik; Rognone, Lavinia; Roseman, Brian; Rosu, Ioanid; Roy, Saurabh; Rudolf, Nicolas; Rush, Stephen R.; Rzayev, Khaladdin; Rzeznik, Aleksandra A.; Sanford, Anthony; Sankaran, Harikumar; Sarkar, Asani; Sarno, Lucio; Scaillet, Olivier; Scharnowski, Stefan; Schenk-Hoppe, Klaus R.; Schertler, Andrea; Schneider, Michael; Schroeder, Florian; Schuerhoff, Norman; Schuster, Philipp; Schwarz, Marco A.; Seasholes, Mark S.; Seeger, Norman J.; Shachar, Or; Shkilko, Andriy; Shui, Jessica; Sikic, Mario; Simion, Giorgia; Smales, Lee A.; Soderlind, Paul; Sojli, Elvira; Sokolov, Konstantin; Sonksen, Jantje; Spokeviciute, Laima; Stefanova, Denitsa; Subrahmanyam, Marti G.; Szaszi, Barnabas; Talavera, Oleksandr; Tang, Yuehua; Taylor, Nick; Tham, Wing Wah; Theissen, Erik; Thimme, Julian; Tonks, Ian; Tran, Hai; Trapin, Luca; Trolle, Anders B.; Vaduva, M. Andreea; Valente, Giorgio; Van Ness, Robert A.; Vasquez, Aurelio; Verousis, Thanos; Verwijmeren, Patrick; Vilhelmsson, Anders; Vilkov, Grigory; Vladimirov, Vladimir; Vogel, Sebastian; Voigt, Stefan; Wagner, Wolf; Walther, Thomas; Weiss, Patrick; Van der Wel, Michel; Werner, Ingrid M.; Werner, Ingrid M.; Westerholm, P. Joakim; Westheide, Christian; Wika, Hans C.; Wipplinger, Evert; Wolf, Michael; Wolff, Christian C. P.; Wolk, Leonard; Wong, Wing-Keung; Wrampelmeyer, Jan; Wu, Zhen-Xing; Xia, Shuo; Xiu, Dacheng; Xu, Ke; Xu, Caihong; Yadav, Pradeep K.; Yague, Jose; Yan, Cheng; Yang, Antti; Yoo, Woongsun; Yu, Wenjia; Yu, Yihe; Yu, Shihao; Yueshen, Bart Z.; Yuferova, Darya; Zamojski, Marcin; Zareei, Abalfazl; Zeisberger, Stefan M.; Zhang, Lu; Zhang, S. Sarah; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Lu; Zhong, Zhuo; Zhou, Z. Ivy; Zhou, Chen; Zhu, Xingyu S.; Zoican, Marius; Zwinkels, Remco
    In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.