Browsing by Author "FIGUEROA, G"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    COMPARISON OF AN ORAL RICE-BASED ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION AND A GLUCOSE-BASED ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION IN HOSPITALIZED INFANTS WITH DIARRHEAL DEHYDRATION
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 1995) GUIRALDES, E; TRIVINO, X; FIGUEROA, G; PARKER, M; GUTIERREZ, C; VASQUEZ, A; HARUN, A
    This randomized trial compared the efficacy of a rice-based (50 g/L) oral rehydration solution with the standard glucose-based WHO/UNICEF solution in the treatment of 100 hospitalized infants, ages 3-18 months, with acute dehydrating diarrhea. The main outcomes examined were stool output and duration of diarrhea. Patients were placed on a ''metabolic'' bed so that intake and losses could be measured accurately throughout the study. Overall, 89% of patients were successfully rehydrated orally; the rehydration failure rate was similar in the two groups and it was significantly associated with infection by specific E. coli serotypes. Stool output in the first 24 h was 11% lower in the rice group (112 versus 126 ml/kg), but this difference was not significant. Neither stool output in the second 24 h nor total stool output were different between groups. The median duration of diarrhea was 3.8 days in the rice group and 3.9 days in the glucose group (p = NS). Other (secondary) outcomes, such as fluid intake, urine output, emesis losses, weight change, and electrolyte balance were also similar between the two groups. Some evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was detected in 61% of the rice group versus 45% of the glucose group (p = NS) and was not associated with any particular treatment outcome. These results show that a rice-based oral rehydration solution is as efficacious as, but not better than the standard glucose-based solution in the treatment of infants with acute dehydrating diarrhea not associated with cholera.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ENTEROPATHOGENICITY OF AEROMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM INFANTS - A COHORT STUDY
    (1988) FIGUEROA, G; GALENO, H; SOTO, V; TRONCOSO, M; HINRICHSEN, V; YUDELEVICH, A
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ENTEROPATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA IN HOSPITALIZED INFANTS
    (1986) FIGUEROA, G; ARAYA, M; IBANEZ, S; CLERC, N; BRUNSER, O
    Thirty-five infants of low socioeconomic status who were living in urban Santiago were hospitalized for acute diarrhea were prospectively evaluated for the presence of enteropathogens associated with the episode. Some degree of malnutrition was evident in 20 infants (57.1%); 15 of these (75%) were under 6 months of age. Mean duration of the hospital stay was 11.8 days for well-nourished patients and 15.7 days for the malnourished patients. One or more enteropathogens were found in 60% of the cases studied: in 17 cases (48.6%) these were bacteria and in 4 cases (11.4%) it was rotavirus. Parasites were not detected. In three patients, two different pathogens were demonstrated. Among the bacteria, 12 isolates (34.3%) were enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and two (5.7%) were Shigella. Campylobacter jejuni was also isolated from two different cases (5.7%) and Salmonella from one case (2.9%). The recovery of pathogens was independent of the nutritional status. Mean age of detection of EPEC was 3.2 months among well-nourished infants and 6.2 months among the malnourished (p < 0.001). Half of the EPEC strains isolated were multiresistant to antibiotics. One of these strains transferred some of its resistance in vitro to E. coli K12 Ampicillin and kanamycin were the antibiotics to which EPEC showed the greatest resistance. The other bacterial pathogens were mostly sensitive to antibiotics. Campylobacter jejuni, together with Shigella, was the second most frequent pathogen isolated during episodes of diarrhea. Campylobacter should be included in the routine study of diarrheal episodes in our setting.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    PRESERVATION OF MINCED PELAGIC FISH BY COMBINED METHODS
    (BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, 1992) AGUILERA, JM; FRANCKE, A; FIGUEROA, G; BORNHARDT, C; CIFUENTES, A
    The stability of unwashed and washed mince from Spanish sardines (Sardinops sagax) treated by mild heating, low pH (5.7-6.0), potassium sorbate (0.05-0.2%), and sodium chloride (2.0-6.0%) was studied. Addition of 6% salt and 0.2% sorbate at pH 5.7 was the best factor combination and when accompanied by heat treatment (10 min, 80-degrees-C) produced a partly cooked product, microbiologically stable at 15-degrees-C for at least 15 d. Washing and mild heat treatment (2 min, 80-degrees-C) helped to reduce the initial microbial load of the mince by a factor of 100 and, in combination with the above formulation, the product had a storage life of over 15 d at 15-degrees-C, compared with less than 3 d for the original unwashed mince.