Browsing by Author "Estrella, Xavier"

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    Full-scale lateral testing and modelling of industrialized timber diaphragms including only framing and non-structural sheathing
    (Taylor and Francis, 2023) Veliz Sanzana, Fernando Daniel; Estrella, Xavier; Guindos Bretones, Pablo
    © (2023) WORLD CONFERENCE ON TIMBER ENGINEERING 2023 (WCTE 2023) All rights reserved.Over the last decade, industrialized mid-rise light-frame timber buildings have gained popularity in Chile due to their structural, manufacturing, and environmental advantages. However, structural design aspects and industrialization prescriptions are not thoroughly addressed by national design codes, highlighting the need for developing standards to regulate industrialized earthquake-resistant timber systems. Therefore, this paper presents the outcomes of a large national project aimed at characterizing the lateral performance of a series of full-scale industrialized timber diaphragms employing Chilean materials. Eight 3.6x2.4 m specimens were tested under in-plane lateral load, considering different detailings such as sheathing, nailing, and framing. Besides, bare slabs (no sheathing) were also studied in the campaign. Strength results proved to be consistent with those proposed by international regulations, while chord tensions exceeded 30% of those obtained by principles of engineering mechanics. Additionally, it was found that adding gypsum boards over plywood does not considerably improve the global stiffness, although it considerably increased the in-plane strength. Finally, a finite-element numerical model was developed for the slabs studied in this campaign, proving to be capable of capturing the nonlinear behavior of the specimens under large lateral displacements.
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    Mid-rise timber buildings in Chile: A rational quantification of the seismic design factors
    (2021) Estrella, Xavier; Malek, Sardar; Guindos Bretones, Pablo; Almazán, José Luis; María, Hernán Santa
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    Testing and nonlinear modelling of industrialized light-frame wooden diaphragms including optimized nailing and nonstructural sheathing
    (2023) Veliz, Fernando; Estrella, Xavier; Lagos, Jorge; Guindos, Pablo
    This article presents the outcomes of a large project towards the investigation of the lateral performance of full-scale industrialized light-frame wooden diaphragms. 10 full-scale diaphragms of 3.6 m by 2.4 m were tested under in-plane lateral loading (monotonic and cyclic), considering different sheathing, nailing, and framing. Besides, the behavior of bare slabs (without any sheathing), gypsum finishes and the potential benefits of using optimized nailing patterns instead of regularly spaced nailing was also studied. Experimental tests were non-linearly modeled using the modified Steward hysteresis model (MSTEW) and MCASHEW software. Experimental strength and stiffness results proved to be consistent with those proposed by other international campaigns, and in particular, the design principles of SDPWS fitted well with the obtained results. However, chord tensions were 30 % greater than the ones obtained by principles of engineering mechanics, which might be explained by eccentric tensile load transfer. As expected, the behavior of both sawn lumber and I-joist framed diaphragms was mainly controlled by nailing. In fact, optimized nailing patterns allowed to equal the peak capacity, increase by 20 % stiffness and 75 % ductility with 8 % less nails. Screwed gypsum finishes increased the peak capacity and stiffness by 15 %, and 20 %, respectively. The modelling approach - mainly used only in shear walls in previous investigations - proved its capability of finely reproducing the behavior of all diaphragm configurations. The numerical results were also in good agreement with the prescriptions of the SDPWS standard.