Browsing by Author "Dhaliwal, Alexander"

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    Nanostructure-Driven Indocyanine Green Dimerization Generates Ultra-Stable Phototheranostics Nanoparticles
    (2023) Kwon, Nahyun; Jasinevicius, Gabriel O.; Kassab, Giulia; Ding, Lili; Bu, Jiachuan; Martinelli, Leticia P.; Ferreira, Vinicius G.; Dhaliwal, Alexander; Chan, Harley H. L.; Mo, Yulin; Bagnato, Vanderlei S.; Kurachi, Cristina; Chen, Juan; Zheng, Gang; Buzza, Hilde H.
    Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only near-infrared (NIR) dye approved for clinical use. Despite its versatility in photonic applications and potential for photothermal therapy, its photobleaching hinders its application. Here we discovered a nanostructure of dimeric ICG (Nano-dICG) generated by using ICG to stabilize nanoemulsions, after which ICG enabled complete dimerization on the nanoemulsion shell, followed by J-aggregation of ICG-dimer, resulting in a narrow, red-shifted (780 nm -> 894 nm) and intense (approximate to 2-fold) absorbance. Compared to ICG, Nano-dICG demonstrated superior photothermal conversion (2-fold higher), significantly reduced photodegradation (-9.6 % vs. -46.3 %), and undiminished photothermal effect (7 vs. 2 cycles) under repeated irradiations, in addition to excellent colloidal and structural stabilities. Following intravenous injection, Nano-dICG enabled real-time tracking of its delivery to mouse tumors within 24 h by photoacoustic imaging at NIR wavelength (890 nm) distinct from the endogenous signal to guide effective photothermal therapy. The unprecedented finding of nanostructure-driven ICG dimerization leads to an ultra-stable phototheranostic platform.