Browsing by Author "Correa, Juan"

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    Housing and accessibility after the COVID-19 pandemic: Rebuilding for resilience, equity and sustainable mobility
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Valenzuela Levi, Nicolás Darío; Echiburú Altamirano, Tomás; Correa, Juan; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; CEDEUS (Chile)
    A more sustainable post COVID-19 world requires urban transport policies aiming for resilience, social equity and decarbonisation. Instead of just focusing on the transport sector, the authors propose an integrated approach to housing and mobility. This approach acknowledges the challenges posed by inadequate housing and dependence on motorised transport during the COVID-19 crisis. In contrast, adequate housing and cycling became paramount resources while confronting the pandemic. Using Santiago de Chile as a case study, this research examines how different relocation scenarios for its current housing deficit cannot only affect the ability to implement stay-at-home measures, but also the potential of cycling as a relevant commuting alternative. The current location of the families suffering this deficit is compared to three scenarios: compact, pericentral and extended. In light of the learnings from the COVID-19 crisis, a housing-cycling policy becomes a tool for resilience; equity is achieved by enforcing the right to housing, by increasing job opportunities among the poor, and by reducing the dependence on expensive motorised transport; decarbonisation is achieved by promoting active transportation and reducing the dependence on motorisation.
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    Infrastructural inequality: exploring the emergence of digital classes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile
    (2023) Correa, Juan; Ulloa-Leon, Felipe; Vergara-Perucich, Francisco; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo
    This paper examines the digital divide in the city of Santiago, Chile. The research uses the density of mobile phone antennas as a proxy for digital infrastructure. The findings show that there is a strong correlation between the density of mobile phone antennas and socioeconomic status. Areas with higher incomes and more mobile phone antennas have better Internet connectivity than areas with lower incomes and fewer mobile phone antennas. The objective is to shed light on the power dynamics and invisible networks that shape the configuration of infrastructures, highlighting the need for equitable access to the digital world as a fundamental democratic right. The conclusions indicate that communication infrastructures are unevenly distributed and that the transition from analogue to smart cities risks exacerbating social inequalities. Rectifying these disparities is essential to avoid leaving the most vulnerable behind in technological transitions.
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    Overcoming Health Inequities: Spatial Analysis of Seroprevalence and Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Chile
    (2024) Ramirez-Santana, Muriel; Correa, Juan; Franz, Loreto Nunez; Apablaza, Mauricio; Rubilar, Paola; Vial, Cecilia; Cortes, Lina Jimena; Hormazabal, Juan; Canales, Luis; Vial, Pablo; Aguilera, Ximena
    Background: In unequal economies, the spread of the first waves of the COVID-19 was usually associated with low socioeconomic status of individuals and their families. Chile exemplified this. By mid-2020, Chile had one of the highest SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in the world predominantly in poorer areas. A year later, the country launched a universal vaccination campaign based on the national strategy of immunization established in 1975. By 2022, Chile presented one of the highest COVID-19 vaccination coverages globally, reaching 94.3% of the population with the primary scheme by the end of 2022.Objective: This study analyzes the spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at the beginning of the pandemic (2020) compared with the seroprevalence after 2 years of ongoing epidemic and COVID-19 vaccination campaigns (2022).Methods: Two population-based random samples of individuals aged 7 years and older from two Chilean cities were studied. Utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, IgG antibodies were measured in serum of 1061 participants in 2020, and 853 in 2022.Results: Using the Global Moran's Index, the seroprevalence distribution pattern for the year 2020 showed clustering in the two cities. Conversely, seroprevalence and vaccinations were homogeneously distributed in 2022. These results show the success of the vaccination campaign in Chile, not only in coverage but also because it widely reached all individuals.Conclusions: The uptake of this preventive measure is high, regardless of the social and economic factors, achieving broad population immunity. The extensive deployment of the primary health care network contributed to reducing health inequities and promoting to universal health access.