Browsing by Author "Contreras C."

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    Aroma compounds are responsible for an herbaceous off-flavor in the sweet cherry (Prunus avium l.) cv. regina during fruit development
    (MDPI, 2021) Villavicencio J.D.; Zoffoli J.P.; Plotto A.; Contreras C.
    © 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.An herbaceous/grassy-like flavor has been reported by Chilean producers of Regina sweet cherry. There are no previous academic reports related to this flavor occurrence. Sweet cherries from five phenological stages were collected from six orchards with high herbaceous flavor incidence spanning Chilean production zones during the 2019/2020 season. Four experienced panelists tasted the fruit to identify the off-flavor incidence and intensity from four phenological stages, and the same cherries were analyzed for volatile compounds. Thirty-nine volatiles were identified and semi-quantified using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The highest off-flavor incidence was found at the bright red (stage 3) and mahogany colors (stage 4). No single volatile ex-plained the herbaceous flavor consistently among orchards. However, it appeared that the off-fla-vor was related to delayed ripening in cherries, with more C6 aldehydes and less esters. Further-more, rainfall and the elevation of the orchard had a significant effect on the incidence of off-flavor. Preharvest practices that promote fruit ripening along with avoiding early harvests are recom-mended to reduce the incidence of herbaceous flavor in Regina.
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    Improving Medical Student Performance With Unsupervised Simulation and Remote Asynchronous Feedback
    (2024) Varas J.; Belmar F.; Fuentes J.; Vela J.; Contreras C.; Letelier L.M.; Riquelme A.; Asbun D.; Abbott E.F.; Escalona G.; Alseidi A.; O'Sullivan P.; Villagran I.
    © 2024 Association of Program Directors in SurgeryObjective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of training medical students to perform two clinical procedures using unsupervised simulation with remote asynchronous feedback, compared to an intensive workshop with in-person feedback. Design, Setting, and Participants: Third-year medical students were recruited and randomized into 2 groups: Thoracentesis or paracentesis. Within each group, participants were further randomized into either unsupervised simulation with remote asynchronous feedback (experimental group; EG) or a 2-hour workshop (control group; CG). The EG underwent two unsupervised 20-minute training sessions and received remote asynchronous feedback. The CG had a 2-hour workshop where they received in-person feedback. After training, students were assessed using the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) scale. Twenty students in thoracentesis and 23 in paracentesis training completed the 2 training sessions with remote and asynchronous feedback, and 30 students for both thoracentesis and paracentesis groups completed the 2-hour workshop. Results: The EG achieved a significantly higher passing rate than the CG on both procedures (thoracentesis 80% vs. 43%, paracentesis 91% vs. 67%, p-value< 0.05). Conclusion: The asynchronous educational method allowed EG students to achieve higher performance than CG students. This novel modality allowed students and instructors to train and assess at their own pace.
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    Validity Argument for a Simulation-Based Objective Structured Clinical Examination Scenario for Evaluation of Surgical Skills in Trauma
    (Academic Press Inc., 2021) Ortiz C.; Belmar F.; Vela J.; Contreras C.; Inzunza M.; Varas J.; Jarufe N.; Achurra P.; Ramos J.P.; Zinco A.; Rebolledo R.; Alseidi A.
    © 2021 Elsevier Inc.Background: Trauma is one of the main causes of death globally, and appropriate surgical care is crucial to impact mortality. However, resident-performed trauma cases have diminished in the last 10 years. Simulation-based tools have proven to be effective to evaluate practical skills in a variety of settings. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding proper validation of trauma surgery models. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate under a contemporary validity framework, an objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) scenario for the assessment of basic and advanced surgical skills in trauma and emergency surgery. Methods: An OSCE-type simulation assessment program was developed incorporating six stations representing basic and advanced surgical skills that are essential in trauma surgery. Each station was designed using ex-vivo animal tissue. The stations included basic knots and sutures, bowel resection and anastomosis, vascular end-to-end anastomosis, lung injury repair, cardiac injury repair, and laparoscopic suturing. Eight postgraduate year 2 (PY-2), eight recently graduated surgeons (RGS), and 3 experts were recruited, and their performance was blindly assessed by experts using the validated general rating scale OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) as well as the time taken to complete the procedure. Results: Significant differences were identified among groups. The average OSATS score was 82 for the PY2 group, 113 for the RGS group, and 147 for the experts (P < 0.01). The average procedural time to complete all the stations was 98 minutes for the PY2 group, 68 minutes for the RGS group, and 35 minutes for the expert surgeons (P < 0.01). Conclusion: An OSCE scenario designed using ex-vivo tissue met 4 out of 5 criteria of the Messick validity framework: content, relation to other variables, response process and consequences of the test. The results show it is a valid strategy for the evaluation of practical skills in trauma surgery.