Browsing by Author "Clunes, Matias"

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    Diversity of volcanism and evidence of discrete eruption centres in the Miocene Andes of Central Chile
    (2023) Leiva, Camila; Browning, John; Marquardt, Carlos; Clunes, Matias; Villarroel, Matias; Espinosa, Javier; Meyer, Martin; Payacán, Italo; Mpodozis, Constantino
    The geology of the Farellones region in the Andean Cordillera of central Chile, comprise a thick sequence of volcanic and volcaniclastic Miocene rocks. The occurrence of discrete eruption centres within this sequence, whilst suggested, has been difficult to stablish, as in the modern volcanic systems of the SVZ to the southeast of the study area. Here we report, for the first time a previously uncharacterized composite (Cerro Colorado Volcano) associated to a series of intercalated lava flows and pyroclastic deposits of basaltic to rhyolitic composition of Miocene age. Eruptive sequences reach 1.7 km in vertical section, yet the lateral continuity of units is interrupted by a major faults, and gravity collapse deposits. We document a series of large pyroclastic block and ash flows, which are overlain by rhyolitic pyroclastic density currents, ash fall and crystal, lithic and vitric tuffs, all making up more than 300 m of the sequence. A further 300 m thick unit of spherulite-bearing rhyolitic lavas represent the upper most section of the Cerro Colorado volcano. During the early stages of its construction magmas and hydrothermal fluids interacted to form a maar-diatreme system (Quebrada Lunes maar-diatreme). Much of the volcanic units are intruded by E-W and NW-SE striking andesitic and rhyolitic dikes One of the dikes exhibits internal pyroclastic textures evidence of shallow conduit fragmentation. This pyroclastic dike is further evidence of magma-fluid interaction and related explosivity. Similar pyroclastic breccias described elsewhere related to porphyry copper mineralization. Our results indicate that Miocene volcanism in the Andes of Central Chile is linked to discrete eruptive centres which can be identified and characterized through careful field mapping.
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    Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections
    (2024) Acuna, Valentina; Clunes, Matias; Valdebenito, Sebastian Riffo; Browning, John
    The conceptual distance between nature and society has been a concern within social sciences and interdisciplinary debates. We contribute to this discussion illustrating how arts have played an important role in demonstrating the entanglement of Earth and society through their ability to frame and shape the dynamics of the Earth across sensations. Through an examination of artistic representations in Chile, we seek to show how the proximity of Chilean society to the presence of volcanoes has been eloquently conveyed through various artistic styles across different historical epochs. Our study extends from the birth of the Chilean nation in 1818 to the year 2021, and examines a wide range of artistic representations, that encompass national symbols, image-making techniques, sculpture, art installations, poetry, music, and audiovisual works. Our research represents a pioneering effort to explore the diverse representations of volcanoes in Chile and has uncovered a remarkable diversity of artistic expressions that reflects the deep connection between Chilean society and volcanic processes and landscapes. Ever-present and often breathtaking, volcanoes have served as enduring symbols of national identity and as sources of inspiration for artists of diverse disciplines and aesthetic sensibilities. We illustrate how the arts reveal the relationship between volcanoes and social life and provide the basis for a detailed analysis that explores the temporal and spatial contexts in the representation of volcanoes and the human perception of geological phenomena in Chilean culture.