Browsing by Author "Claro, Magdalena"

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    Assessment of 21st century ICT skills in Chile: Test design and results from high school level students
    (2012) Claro, Magdalena; Preiss Contreras, David Daniel; San Martín, Ernesto; Jara, Ignacio; Hinostroza, J. Enrique; Valenzuela, Susana; Cortes, Flavio; Nussbaum Voehl, Miguel
    This paper describes a study that evaluates fifteen-year-old Chilean students Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills. The paper presents an operational definition of ICT skills, an instrument measuring these skills as well as the students' results in the test. The definition of ICT skills used considers Chile's curricular framework, functional and cognitive skills. Specifically, ICT skills were defined as the capacity to solve problems of information, communication and knowledge in digital environments. A performance-based assessment was designed in a virtual environment to measure these skills. The analysis of the results showed that the majority of students were able to solve tasks related to the use of information as consumers, i.e., approximately three quarters of the students were able to search for information and half of them were also able to organize and manage digital information. Additionally, they show that very few students were able to succeed in tasks related to the use of information as producers, i.e., only one third of the students were able to develop their own ideas in a digital environment and less than one fifth were able to refine digital information and create a representation in a digital environment. Socioeconomic group, access, daily use and confidence in doing ICT-related activities were all positively associated with higher scores, showing the need to implement strategies to compensate this inequality, possibly by explicitly defining these aims in the national curriculum.
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    Children's and adolescents' digital access in Chile: the role of digital access modalities in digital uses and skills
    (2021) Cabello, Patricio; Claro, Magdalena; Rojas, Rodrigo; Trucco, Daniela
    This article analyses the modes of physical access that facilitate participation in digital opportunities and the development of digital skills in children and adolescents (9 to 17 years old). We analysed the data obtained from the Kids Online survey in Chile. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify groups based on access points and devices of use; access modalities were then composed crossing these variables. Four access modalities were found: cellphone-home; cellphone-ubiquitous; multi-device-home; multi-device-ubiquitous. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ubiquitous modalities (multi-device and cellphone varieties) predicted digital use and skills among young Chileans, while the more static modalities (cellphone and home and multi-device and home) did not. These results are critical to addressing what can be defined as "enabling access" among young Internet users in the context of digital inclusion policies.
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    Differences in Views of School Principals and Teaches regarding Technology Integration
    (2017) Claro, Magdalena; Nussbaum, Miguel; Lopez, Ximena; Contardo, Victoria
    This paper studies the similarities and differences among the views of school principals and teachers regarding a mobile computer lab (MCL) initiative implemented in 1,591 public schools in Chile. It also characterizes the aspects in which their views diverge. A mixed methods study was carried out in two stages: first, a quantitative stage, where a self- administered (web-based) questionnaire was sent to the schools; and second, a qualitative stage, where a case study was conducted with three schools. The results show a greater convergence of the teachers' and school principals' views regarding the contribution of ICT resources to teaching, with more divergence when it comes to the implementation process. More specifically, these differences were related to two points: (1) how appropriate the conditions were for using and learning how to use the new resources within the context of the school, and (2) who should be held accountable for integrating ICT resources within the school organization. Furthermore, the qualitative results revealed that school principals only had vague information on the pedagogical integration of the MCLs in their schools. These findings suggest that in order to have more effective technology integration processes in schools, a closer presence of school leaders in the teachers' everyday pedagogical activities is required.
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    Introducing 1 to 1 in the Classroom: A Large-scale Experience in Chile
    (2013) Claro, Magdalena; Nussbaum, Miguel; Lopez, Ximena; Diaz, Anita
    This paper presents the results of a study that sought to understand how a strategy of Mobile Computer Labs (MCL) has been integrated into 3rd and 4th grade teaching-learning practices in 1,591 state schools in Chile. In particular, the study aims to identify the most important factors related to MCL integration into these practices a year after its implementation. The findings obtained by applying a survey and performing classroom observations show that, although the schools are willing to use this resource, it has been used sporadically for searching information and drilling and practicing contents related to Mathematics and Language, in addition to motivating students. Furthermore, the classroom observations do not reveal any innovative teaching strategies, related to the use of this new technology. The study shows that amongst the main reasons for this traditional and sporadic use of the MCL are a lack of targeted teacher training and preparation time, and insufficient technical and pedagogical support during the phases of implementation and integration to the pedagogical practices.
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    Perceived Learning of Students During the Pandemic and Associated Contextual and Pedagogical Factors
    (2023) Matamala, Carolina; Claro, Magdalena; Hinostroza, J. Enrique
    The research objective was to know the perceived learning of primary and secondary students during remote teaching and the contextual and pedagogical factors that explain said perception. A quantitative methodology based on the application of a survey was used. The survey, validated through a panel of experts, was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 8,538 students (4,598 primary and 3,940 secondary) from the Araucania Region of Chile, who were selected based on their educational level and their attendance to public schools that agreed to be part of the study. The results allow us to determine that despite the change in teaching modality, more than a third of the students consider that they have learned a lot during the first year of the pandemic, being elementary school students from urban areas and with access to technology, who presented a more excellent perception of learning. The main pedagogical factors that explain the perceived learning are communication with teachers, attending classes by videoconference, responding to worksheets or assignments, and learning the subject autonomously using various resources. These results allow us to conclude that central aspects of the perceived learning during remote teaching in a pandemic were frequent interaction with teachers and accessing resources, both for accompanied and autonomous study. On the other hand, they confirm the disadvantage of students without Internet connectivity, particularly those from rural areas.