Browsing by Author "Carvajal, Jorge A."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Produced by the Human Chorioamnion May Mediate Pregnancy Myometrial Quiescence
    (2009) Carvajal, Jorge A.; Delpiano, Ana M.; Cuello, Mauricio A.; Poblete, Jose A.; Casanello, Paola C.; Sobrevia, Luis A.; Weiner, Carl P.
    We aim to demonstrate that Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released from the fetal membranes and mediates pregnancy myometrial quiescence. Myometrium and fetal membranes (FM) were obtained from term and preterm pregnancies at the time of cesarean section, either in labor or not in labor. BNP was measured in term and preterm FM, in culture cells, and conditioned media. We found BNP (but not ANP or CNP) inhibited contractions of preterm, but not term, human myometrium. BNP (both protein and mRNA) was detected in all tissues, conditioned media and cultured cells. BNP was higher in samples from preterm women not in labor compared to those at term not in labor. BNP concentrations were significantly reduced in women in spontaneous preterm labor. We conclude that locally produced BNP may be involved in generating myometrial quiescence during pregnancy. Further, a premature decrease of BNP production may cause preterm labor.
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    Increased Circulating Levels of PCSK9 and Pro-Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Pregnant Women with Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia
    (2022) Cantin, Claudette; Jesus Garchitorena, Maria; Escalona, Rodrigo; Carvajal, Jorge A.; Illanes, Sebastian E.; Gutierrez, Jaime; Leiva, Andrea
    Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH) occurs during pregnancy to assure fetal development. Some pregnant women develop maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We aim to determine if proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels (a protein that regulate the availability of LDL receptor in the cells surface), as well as the composition and function of LDL, are modulated in MSPH women. This study included 122 pregnant women. Maternal total cholesterol (TC), LDL, triglycerides and PCSK9 increased from first (T1) to third trimester (T3) in MPH women. At T3, maternal TC, LDL, PCSK9 and placental abundances of PCSK9 were significantly higher in MPSH compared to MPH. Circulating PCSK9 levels were correlated with LDL at T3. In MSPH women, the levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL were significantly higher compared to MPH. LDL isolated from MSPH women presented significantly higher triglycerides and ApoB but lower levels of ApoAI compared to MPH. The formation of conjugated dienes was earlier in LDL from MSPH and in endothelial cells incubated with these LDLs; the levels of reactive oxygen species were significantly higher compared to LDL from MPH. We conclude that increased maternal PCSK9 would contribute to the maternal elevated levels of pro-atherogenic LDL in MSPH, which could eventually be related to maternal vascular dysfunction.
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    Maternal and perinatal outcomes of a venous thromboembolism high-risk cohort using a multidisciplinary treatment approach
    (2021) Ernst, Daniel M.; Oporto, Joaquin I.; Zuniga, Pamela A.; Pereira, Jaime I.; Vera, Claudio M.; Carvajal, Jorge A.
    Objective To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
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    Maternal, perinatal and infant outcome of spontaneous pregnancy in the sixth decade of life
    (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2008) Donoso, Enrique; Carvajal, Jorge A.
    Pregnancy in the older woman is a well-known risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality.
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    Mechanisms of paracrine regulation by fetal membranes of human uterine quiescence
    (2006) Carvajal, Jorge A.; Vidal, Rossana J.; Cuello, Mauricio A.; Poblete, Jose A.; Weiner, Carl P.
    OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that fetal membranes (chorion or amnion) release one or more factors responsible for myometrial quiescence.
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    Under diagnosis of fetal growth restriction by the new growth curves of the Chilean Ministry of Health
    (Wiley, 2007) Carvajal, Jorge A.; Vera P G, Claudio; Vargas, Paula, I; Jordan U, Felipe; Patillo G, Alejandro; Oyarzun E, Enrique
    Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity or death, Nationwide implementation of new fetal growth charts, requires a lower fetal weight for the diagnosis of FGR, compared to previous ones. This may lead to an under diagnosis of FGR in a large proportion of neonates. Aim: To compare the morbidity, mortality and anthropometry of neonates with FGR, diagnosed by MINSAL and Juez curves, with normal weight newborns in the same period (2000-2004). Material and methods. Revision of medical records of all births occurring in a maternity hospital between 2000 and 2004. The number of neonatal deaths, and the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, polyglobulia, hypoglycemia and hypotbermia, were compared among children classified to be below percentile 10 of fetal growth according to both growth charts. Results. FGR was diagnosed in 4,4% (502/11.289) and 9% (1.029/11.289) of newborns by MINSAL and Juez curves respectively. Compared to normal weight controls, the 527 newborns without FGR according to AHNSAL curves, but below percentile 10 of Juez curves, bad an odds ratio (OR) for polyglobulina of 8.14 (95016 confidence, intervals (G): 1.01-65-34), an OR for neonatal hypoglycemia of 5.10 (95% CT 1.11-23.39) and an OR for a ponderal index below 10(th) percentile of 10.98 (95% CI- 6.84-17.64). Conclusions: Newborns without a diagnosis of FGR by MINSAL curves but below 10(th) percentile by Juez curves, have neonatal outcomes suggesting a true FGR. Juez curves should be maintained as a standard for the evaluation of fetal growth, in our population (Rev Med Chile 2007- 135.- 436-42).