Browsing by Author "Carvacho, H."

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    Confianza en instituciones políticas en Chile: Un modelo de los componentes centrales de juicios de confianza
    (2008) Segovia, C.; Haye, A.; González, R.; Manzi, J.; Carvacho, H.
    Citizen's trust in political institutions is important for democracies. However, there are doubts regarding the nature of trust judgments. We argue that trust judgments concerning political institutions centrally involve the consideration of both the preparation and resources of the institutions that enable it to fulfill its goals (capacity), and the orientation of such goals toward the wellbeing of citizens (benevolence). Results are based on a survey carried out in Santiago, Chile, during 2005 on 996 people. We conclude that both capacity and benevolence are strong predictors of trust and that, beyond the direct influence of each of them, they also have a joint effect on trust judgments.
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    Consenso y disenso en la memoria histórica y en las actitudes hacia la reparación en tres generaciones de chilenos
    (2013) Carvacho, H.; Manzi, J.; Haye, A.; González, R.; Cornejo, M.
    In 2 correlational studies conducted in Santiago de Chile (N1 = 996 and N2 = 841)-with samples based on quotas of socioeconomic status, age, and gender-2 hypotheses were tested: (a) that Chileans socialized in different political context (before, during or after the dictatorship) and who have different political orientations (left, center or right) exhibit consensus in their historical memory, but differ concerning the evaluation of reparation policies toward victims of the dictatorship, and (b) that ideological attitudes (authoritarianism, support for democracy, and orientation towards social dominance) explain differences in the evaluation of the reparation policies. Analysis of an open question showed consensus between generations and between political groups about considering the coup d'état in 1973 and the transition to democracy as the central elements of Chilean political history. Results of structural equation modeling showed that political groups differ in their evaluation of reparation policies (with the left being more supportive). Dissent was explained by the ideological attitudes underlying the left-right distinction. © 2013 by Psykhe.
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    Psicología y Pueblos Indígenas
    (Annual Reviews Inc., 2022) González, R.; Carvacho, H.; Jiménez-Moya, G.
    © 2022 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.La pregunta sobre la existencia de características comunes inherentes a la psicología de los pueblos Indígenas de todo el mundo ha sido objeto de mucho debate. Nosotros argumentamos que los pueblos Indígenas comparten la experiencia de la colonización, así como sus consecuencias sociales y psicológicas. Desarrollamos este argumento en cuatro secciones: (a) La historia global de la colonización y las desigualdades sociales; (b) aspectos relativos a la identidad y los procesos grupales, incluidas la transmisión intergeneracional de valores compartidos, la conexión con la naturaleza y la promoción del cambio social; (c) el prejuicio y la discriminación hacia los pueblos Indígenas y el rol que juegan los procesos psicológicos para promover relaciones positivas entre los pueblos Indígenas y no-Indígenas; y (d) el impacto del trauma histórico y del colonialismo en la cognición, la salud mental y el bienestar de los pueblos Indígenas, así como la base para el desarrollo de intervenciones exitosas que integran los conocimientos Indígenas. Por último, abordamos los desafíos futuros de la investigación sobre estos temas.