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  1. Home
  2. Browse by Author

Browsing by Author "Carter Gamberini, María Virginia"

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    Fog water collection for local greenhouse vegetable production in the Atacama Desert
    (2023) Albornoz G., Francisco; Río López, Camilo del; Carter Gamberini, María Virginia; Escobar Moragas, Rodrigo; Vásquez Gimeno, Lucas Simón
    Agricultural production in the Atacama Desert is restricted by extreme aridity and poor soil quality. Between 18° S and 30° S, low stratocumulus clouds regularly cover the southeastern Pacific Ocean reaching the Coastal Cordillera. Thus, marine fog is constantly present in the coastal areas of the desert. Fog can be harvested using fog collectors. However, limited information is available with regards to the variability of fog presence throughout the year and along the coast of the desert. Combining fog water harvest with hydroponic production under greenhouse facilities presents an alternative for sustainable and local fresh food production. In this article, we analyze the potential of fog water collection in two sites (Alto Patache and Falda Verde) distant by about 1000 km within the Atacama Desert. Additionally, in both locations, the environmental conditions within greenhouse structures, the potential energy requirement for environmental conditioning (including the energy production from photovoltaic panels) and the water requirements of vegetable crops under greenhouse conditions were modeled. The annual average of fog water collection registered was 2.9 and 3.3 L per day per m2 in Alto Patache and Falda Verde, respectively. During the most demanding season for crop evapotranspiration, 2.13 m2 of fog collectors can supply the water required for 1 m2 of greenhouse crops. The energy required for water and air pumps in the hydroponic systems can be supplied with photovoltaic systems including eight PV modules and a battery storage capacity of 9.4 kWh. In conclusion, the present study sheds light on the possibilities of massive water collection from fog to be used in local and sustainable food production in the Atacama Desert.
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    National policymaker perspectives on the implementation of biophilic urbanism in Chile: a pairwise comparison ranking perspective
    (2025) Carter Gamberini, María Virginia; Henríquez, Cristián
    The biophilic urbanism approach seeks to integrate nature into urban spaces’ planning and design to make cities greener and improve inhabitants’ well-being and health. The approach is pursued through a broad spectrum of more concrete actions named Biophilic Urbanism Initiatives (BUIs). This paper identifies the policymakers linked to the governance for biophilic urbanism in Chile and analyzes their perspectives on the potential implementation of BUIs. Based on their institutional responsibilities, two clusters are identified by means of a national survey: (1) policymakers with an active influence in urban and spatial planning and design and (2) policymakers with an active influence in environmental assessment, health, and education sectors, and active influence in urban planning implementation. Using a pairwise comparison method, we establish a ranking of implementation preferences for three groups of BUIs, and a set of six criteria driving the approach. Overall, both clusters show a preference for the same initiatives in each group: the restoration of natural spaces, the promotion of biophilic activities in schools, and the encouragement of biophilic design in private buildings. The least preferred initiatives were also similar although being of two types: the promotion of green infrastructure in private spaces and greening subsidies. In contrast, the most crucial criterion driving the approach was not entirely similar between both clusters, i.e. administration versus financial resources. Findings regarding the sizable similarity in preferences point to the potential of collaboration between both groups of policymakers, which is indeed required to design policies and implement this approach in Chile. Our results are discussed in the context of the wider literature on biophilic urbanism.
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    Unlocking the fog: Assessing fog collection potential and need as a complementary water resource in arid urban lands-the Alto Hospicio, Chile Case
    (2025) Carter Gamberini, María Virginia; Verbruggh, Nathalie; Lobos Roco, Felipe Andrés; Río, Camilo del; Albornoz G., Francisco; Khan, Ahmed Z.
    Water scarcity is a rising issue in fast-growing cities in arid lands, where demand outpaces supply. This leads to non-renewable water systems and exacerbates social inequalities. This is the case for Alto Hospicio (AH), located in the northern Chilean Atacama Desert. Regarding its water availability, the main source of drinking water comes from underground aquifers, last recharged about 10,000 years ago. Nevertheless, atmospheric water such as fog, is present in this territory and offers an alternative, though its potential in large urban areas remains unexplored. This study assesses the fog water collection potential in AH and its surroundings using two methods: in-situ data collection using Standard Fog Collectors (SFCs) and the AMARU model, which estimates fog collection in space and time. This research concludes that fog water collection is feasible in the northeast and southeast areas surrounding the city, where fog collection rates reach up to 10 L m−2 day−1. Fog water has the potential to serve as an effective alternative water source for populations lacking access to drinking water from a public water source, and for activities such as irrigation of urban green spaces, human consumption, and hydroponic farming. Key recommendations for policymakers include incorporating atmospheric water into local city policies, promoting further research on estimating the fog water potential in the AH metropolitan zone, and rethinking water management strategies from nonconventional resources.

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