Browsing by Author "Cabib, Ignacio"

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    Intersecting inequalities in retirement trajectories under a privatized pension system: Gender, labor force status, and occupational prestige
    (2026) Rosemblatt Meta, Martín Oscar; Cabib, Ignacio
    This study examines the gendered and de-standardized nature of retirement trajectories in Chile, a country with a long-standing privatized pension system. Drawing on life course theory and using nationally representative panel data from the Social Protection Survey (2004–2020), we apply multichannel sequence analysis to reconstruct retirement pathways based on labor force status and occupational prestige. Our analysis identifies six representative retirement patterns for both men and women, revealing stark gender differences. Men predominantly experience gradual transitions, often through partial retirement or bridge employment, while women's trajectories are marked by abrupt labor market exits and prolonged periods of inactivity. Occupational prestige significantly shapes these patterns. Individuals in high-prestige occupations tend to follow more uniform and delayed retirement paths, whereas those in low-prestige roles exhibit greater diversity and complexity. We find that retirement trajectories in Chile are moderately de-standardized and strongly gendered, with men displaying higher within-group diversity and complexity. These findings highlight the interplay between institutional design, labor market structures, and gender norms in shaping retirement outcomes. In particular, Chile's individual capitalization model reinforces life course inequalities, limiting retirement options for those with fragmented work histories, especially women. Our results underscore the need for policy reforms that address structural disadvantages in labor force participation and pension accumulation, particularly among low-prestige and female workers. This study contributes to broader debates on the de-standardization of the life course, gendered retirement inequalities, and the implications of liberal welfare regimes in aging societies.
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    Long-term functional ability trajectories and mental health among older people before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset in Chile
    (SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2023) Cabib, Ignacio; Olea-Duran, Bastian; Dintrans, Pablo Villalobos; Salas, Jorge Browne
    ObjectivesDespite the advances in understanding the complex association between functional abilities and mental health in old age, studies have overlooked two important aspects. First, traditionally, research has employed cross-sectional designs, measuring limitations at a single time point. Second, most gerontological studies on this field have been conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic onset. This study aims to explore the association between diverse long-term functional ability trajectories across late adulthood and old age, and older people's mental health in Chile, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset.MethodsWe use data from the population-representative and longitudinal 'Chilean Social Protection Survey', sequence analysis to reconstruct functional ability trajectory types from 2004 to 2018, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms in early 2020 (N = 891) and late 2020 (N = 672). We analyzed four age groups defined by their age at baseline (2004): people aged 46-50, 51-55, 56-60, and 61-65.ResultsOur findings indicate that erratic or equivocal patterns of functional limitations across time (with people transiting back and forth between low and high levels of limitations) show the worst mental health outcomes, both before and after the pandemic onset. Prevalence of people with depression increased after the COVID-19 onset in most groups, being particularly high among those with previous equivocal functional ability trajectories.ConclusionsThe relationship between functional ability trajectories and mental health calls for a new paradigm, moving away from age as the main policy guide, and highlighting the need to adopt strategies to improve population-level functional status as an efficient policy to address the challenges of population aging.
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    Long-term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence: Evidence of living arrangements patterns in Chile
    (SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2022) Cabib, Ignacio; Araos, Consuelo; Palma, Julieta; Yopo Diaz, Martina
    Objective This study examines long-term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence (IC) among a cohort of individuals aged 65 and 75 in Chile, focusing on their diversity, prevalence, internal dynamism, and sociodemographic characteristics. Background IC is comparatively high in Latin America and is related to both family norms and social vulnerabilities. However, empirical evidence on this topic comes mostly from cross-sectional studies using aggregated population data, which neglect the inherently dynamic nature of coresidential arrangements across the life course. Method We use representative life-history data in Santiago, Chile (N = 802), sequence analysis to reconstruct long-term trajectories, and bivariate analysis to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors. Results Our findings show that, first, IC in Chile may be more prevalent and diverse than suggested in previous cross-sectional studies. Second, our findings indicate patterns of long-term IC and stable conjugal cohabitation are compatible. Third, the results shed new light on the association of IC with particular sociodemographic groups. Conclusion This study analyzed patterns of living arrangements among family members based both on intergenerational and conjugal cohabitation and their dynamic character throughout the life course. Our results challenge interpretations of contemporary living arrangements among family members at an international level. Implications This study shows that IC in Chile has been largely underrepresented, both in magnitude and heterogeneity. This finding informs public policies about the reality of family configurations that require specific care, housing, and financial support.
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    Part-time work and health in late careers: Evidence from a longitudinal and cross-national study
    (SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2022) Baumann, Isabel; Cabib, Ignacio; Eyjolfsdottir, Harpa S.; Agahi, Neda
    In this exploratory study, we examine how older workers' part-time employment and health are associated in four countries promoting this type of employment in late careers but with a different welfare regime: the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. Using data from two large representative panel surveys and conducting multichannel sequence analysis, we identified the most typical interlocked employment and health trajectories for each welfare regime and for three different age groups of women and men. We found that there is more heterogeneity in these trajectories in countries with a liberal welfare regime and among older age groups. Overall, women are more strongly represented in the part-time employment trajectories associated with lower health levels. In countries with a social-democratic or corporatist welfare regime, part-time employment in late careers tends to be associated with good health. Our findings suggest that the combination of a statutory right to work part-time in late careers with a more generous welfare regimes, may simultaneously maintain workers' health and motivate them to remain active in the labor force.
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    Socio-spatial trajectories and health disparities among older adults in Chile
    (2024) Vidal, Sergi; Cabib, Ignacio; Bogolasky, Francisca; Valente, Riccardo
    In this study, we examine residential trajectories since birth among older adults in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile, and their association with health outcomes. We linked retrospective residential information for a sample of 802 individuals aged 65-75 in 2019 to context-based information from decennial censuses. Our analysis reveals substantive heterogeneity in individuals' residential trajectories, thus mirroring social and urban changes in Chile's largest city. We found significant associations between residential histories and health outcomes at the time of the interview. Consistent residence in advantaged areas was linked to better health, whereas relocating to the metropolitan area from elsewhere was generally linked to poorer health, except for those moving to emerging middle-class areas. These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal and life course approaches in understanding the complex relationship between place and health.