Browsing by Author "Bustos, Patricia"
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- ItemAssociation between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome(2007) Pivatto, Ivana; Bustos, Patricia; Amigo, Hugo; Acosta, Ana Maria; Arteaga, AntonioThe Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.
- ItemBúsqueda de mutaciones en el gen UL 97 asociadas a resistencia a ganciclovir en citomegalovirus obtenidos desde muestras biológicas de pacientes chilenos(2010) Oyarzún Andrade, María Angélica; Bustos, Patricia; González Agüero, Marcela Margot; Domínguez Moreno, María Isabel; Aguayo González, Francisco Renan; Nervi Nattero, Bruno; Ferrés, MarcelaBackground: Long term use of ganciclovir (GCV) is associated with acquired resistance to it. Ninety percent of the responsible mutations occur in cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL97 gene. Aim: To search for these mutations, comparing nucleotide sequences of CMV-positive samples from post transplant and immunocompromised patients receiving GCV, with sequences of CMV isolates obtained from subjects not exposed to the drug. Patients and Methods: Codons 440 to 465 of gene UL97, including the most common mutations causing resistance to GCV, were amplified in 33 plasma samples from patients exposed to GCV and in 15 urine samples of newborns. Both populations and their nucleotide sequences were compared with the prototype strain CMV AD169. Results: Samples of exposed patients had multiple mutations but only one had a mutation associated with clinical resistance (M4601). Eight subjects had the D605E mutation, whose role in resistance is controversial. The remaining 150 mutations were silent mutations. Conclusions: A low frequency of mutations associated with CMV resistance to GCV was found in these exposed and unexposed samples. These mutations may reflect coexistence of multiple genetic variants of CMV. The absence of clinical expression of resistance, even with these mutations, can be explained by the use of GCV for a shorter lapse than that associated with the appearance of resistance. (Rev Med Chile 2010; 138: 421-427).
- ItemCross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 with PB2 adaptations(2025) Pardo Roa, Catalina; Nelson, Martha I.; Ariyama, Naomi; Aguayo, Carolina; Almonacid Cárdenas, Leonardo Iván; Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S.; Muñoz, Gabriela; Ulloa, Mauricio; Avila, Claudia; Navarro, Carlos; Reyes, Rodolfo; Castillo Torres, Pablo Nicolás; Mathieu, Christian; Vergara, Ricardo; Gonzalez, Alvaro; Gonzalez, Carmen Gloria; Araya, Hugo; Castillo, Andres; Torres, Juan Carlos; Covarrubias, Paulo; Bustos, Patricia; van Bakel, Harm; Fernandez, Jorge; Fasce, Rodrigo A.; Johow, Magdalena; Neira, Victor; Medina, RafaelHighly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) belonging to lineage 2.3.4.4b emerged in Chile in December 2022, leading to mass mortality events in wild birds, poultry, and marine mammals and one human case. We detected HPAIV in 7,33% (714/9745) of cases between December 2022-April 2023 and sequenced 177 H5N1 virus genomes from poultry, marine mammals, a human, and wild birds spanning >3800 km of Chilean coastline. Chilean viruses were closely related to Peru's H5N1 outbreak, consistent with north-to-south spread down the Pacific coastline. One human virus and nine marine mammal viruses in Chile had the rare PB2 D701N mammalian-adaptation mutation and clustered phylogenetically despite being sampled 5 weeks and hundreds of kilometers apart. These viruses shared additional genetic signatures, including another mammalian PB2 adaptation (Q591K, n = 6), synonymous mutations, and minor variants. Several mutations were detected months later in sealions in the Atlantic coast, indicating that the pinniped outbreaks on the west and east coasts of South America are genetically linked. These data support sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission of HPAIV in marine mammals over thousands of kilometers of Chile's Pacific coastline, which subsequently continued through the Atlantic coastline.
- ItemCross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 with PB2 adaptations(2025) Pardo Roa, Catalina; Nelson, Martha I.; Ariyama, Naomi; Aguayo, Carolina; Almonacid Cárdenas, Leonardo Iván; Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S.; Muñoz, Gabriela; Ulloa, Mauricio; Avila, Claudia; Navarro, Carlos; Reyes, Rodolfo; Castillo Torres, Pablo Nicolás; Mathieu, Christian; Vergara, Ricardo; Gonzalez, Alvaro; Gonzalez, Carmen Gloria; Araya, Hugo; Castillo, Andres; Torres, Juan Carlos; Covarrubias, Paulo; Bustos, Patricia; van Bakel, Harm; Fernandez, Jorge; Fasce, Rodrigo A.; Johow, Magdalena; Neira, Victor; Medina, RafaelHighly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) belonging to lineage 2.3.4.4b emerged in Chile in December 2022, leading to mass mortality events in wild birds, poultry, and marine mammals and one human case. We detected HPAIV in 7,33% (714/9745) of cases between December 2022-April 2023 and sequenced 177 H5N1 virus genomes from poultry, marine mammals, a human, and wild birds spanning >3800 km of Chilean coastline. Chilean viruses were closely related to Peru's H5N1 outbreak, consistent with north-to-south spread down the Pacific coastline. One human virus and nine marine mammal viruses in Chile had the rare PB2 D701N mammalian-adaptation mutation and clustered phylogenetically despite being sampled 5 weeks and hundreds of kilometers apart. These viruses shared additional genetic signatures, including another mammalian PB2 adaptation (Q591K, n = 6), synonymous mutations, and minor variants. Several mutations were detected months later in sealions in the Atlantic coast, indicating that the pinniped outbreaks on the west and east coasts of South America are genetically linked. These data support sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission of HPAIV in marine mammals over thousands of kilometers of Chile's Pacific coastline, which subsequently continued through the Atlantic coastline.
- ItemDeterminant factors of excess of weight in school children: a multilevel study(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2007) Amigo, Hugo; Bustos, Patricia; Erazo, Marcia; Cumsille, Patricio; Silva, ClaudioBackground: Rates of obesity reach high levels in Chile, with geographic, social and school variations. Aim: To identify factors at two levels associated with excessive weight in school children: child-family characteristics and school-neighborhood. Material and methods: Using a cross-sectional and multi-step design, seven counties with the highest prevalence of obesity were identified, and schools were randomly chosen from within the 1(st), 3(rd) and 5(th) quintiles of the school strata (same level of obesity prevalence). Within each school, twelve 2(nd) grade children were randomly chosen, (n =42 schools and 504 students). Nutritional status, food intake, eating habits and physical activity were measured. Socio demographic, economic characteristics and nutritional status of the parents were assessed. Home size and facilities for children physical activities were assessed, as well as school infrastructure and management. Results: Most of the explained variance (97%) in the Body Mass index (BMI) was due to individual-level factors: sedentary children behaviour (beta coefficient 1.6, standard error (SE) 0.052), maternal obesity (beta 0.94; SE 0.25), paternal obesity (beta 0.83; SE 0.28) and hours watching television (beta 0.789, SE 0-297). The same risk factors were predictive if obesity: child sedentary behaviours odds ratio (OR): 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-6.48, maternal obesity (OR: 1.91, CI 1.2.7-3.02) and being woman (OR 1.75, CI: 1.0.1-2.76). Conclusions: BMI and obesity are associated with children behaviour or biological and cultural conditions of their families and not with school characteristics.
- ItemSeroprevalence study of infection with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus in San Felipe Town, Chile(2013) Olea, Andrea; Fasce, Rodrigo; Aguilera, Ximena; Oliva, Otavio; Muñoz, Sergio; García, Maritza; Pedroni, Elena; Nájera, Manuel; Cerda, Jaime; Abarca Villaseca, Katia; Guerrero, Andrea; Bustos, Patricia; Mora, Judith; Vega, Jeanette; Mccarron, Meg; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Castillo, E. R.