Browsing by Author "Bond, Richard J."

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    Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos
    (2021) Schaan, Emmanuel; Ferraro, Simone; Amodeo, Stefania; Battaglia, Nicholas; Aiola, Simone; Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A.; Bean, Rachel; Becker, Daniel T.; Bond, Richard J.; Calabrese, Erminia; Calafut, Victoria; Choi, Steve K.; Denison, Edward, V; Devlin, Mark J.; Duff, Shannon M.; Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J.; Dunkley, Jo; Dunner, Rolando; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Guan, Yilun; Han, Dongwon; Hill, J. Colin; Hilton, Gene C.; Hilton, Matt; Hlozek, Renee; Hubmayr, Johannes; Huffenberger, Kevin M.; Hughes, John P.; Koopman, Brian J.; MacInnis, Amanda; McMahon, Jeff; Madhavacheril, Mathew S.; Moodley, Kavilan; Mroczkowski, Tony; Naess, Sigurd; Nati, Federico; Newburgh, Laura B.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Partridge, Bruce; Salatino, Maria; Sehgal, Neelima; Schillaci, Alessandro; Sifon, Cristobal; Smith, Kendrick M.; Spergel, David N.; Staggs, Suzanne; Storer, Emilie R.; Trac, Hy; Ullom, Joel N.; Van Lanen, Jeff; Vale, Leila R.; van Engelen, Alexander; Magana, Mariana Vargas; Vavagiakis, Eve M.; Wollack, Edward J.; Xu, Zhilei
    The scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off the free-electron gas in galaxies and clusters leaves detectable imprints on high resolution CMB maps: the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ respectively). We use combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR5 and Planck in combination with the CMASS (mean redshift (z) = 0.55 and host halo mass (M-vir) = 3 x 10(13) M-circle dot) and LOWZ ((z) = 0.31, (M-vir) = 5 x 10(13) M-circle dot) galaxy catalogs from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS DR10 and DR12), to study the gas associated with these galaxy groups. Using individual reconstructed velocities, we perform a stacking analysis and reject the no-kSZ hypothesis at 6.5 sigma, the highest significance to date. This directly translates into a measurement of the electron number density profile, and thus of the gas density profile. Despite the limited signal to noise, the measurement shows at high significance that the gas density profile is more extended than the dark matter density profile, for any reasonable baryon abundance (formally >90 sigma for the cosmic baryon abundance). We simultaneously measure the tSZ signal, i.e., the electron thermal pressure profile of the same CMASS objects, and reject the no-tSZ hypothesis at 10 sigma. We combine tSZ and kSZ measurements to estimate the electron temperature to 20% precision in several aperture bins, and find it comparable to the virial temperature. In a companion paper, we analyze these measurements to constrain the gas thermodynamics and the properties of feedback inside galaxy groups. We present the corresponding LOWZ measurements in this paper, ruling out a null kSZ (tSZ) signal at 2.9 (13.9)sigma, and leave their interpretation to future work. This paper and the companion paper demonstrate that current CMB experiments can detect and resolve gas profiles in low mass halos and at high redshifts, which are the most sensitive to feedback in galaxy formation and the most difficult to measure any other way. They will be a crucial input to cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, thus improving our understanding of galaxy formation. These precise gas profiles arc already sufficient to reduce the main limiting theoretical systematic in galaxy-galaxy lensing: baryonic uncertainties. Future such measurements will thus unleash the statistical power of weak lensing from the Rubin, Euclid and Roman observatories. Our stacking software ThumbStackis publicly available and directly applicable to future Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 data.
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    Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Modeling the gas thermodynamics in BOSS CMASS galaxies from kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements
    (2021) Amodeo, Stefania; Battaglia, Nicholas; Schaan, Emmanuel; Ferraro, Simone; Moser, Emily; Aiola, Simone; Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A.; Bean, Rachel; Becker, Daniel T.; Bond, Richard J.; Calabrese, Erminia; Calafut, Victoria; Choi, Steve K.; Denison, Edward, V; Devlin, Mark; Duff, Shannon M.; Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J.; Dunkley, Jo; Dunner, Rolando; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Hall, Kirsten R.; Han, Dongwon; Hill, J. Colin; Hilton, Gene C.; Hilton, Matt; Hlozek, Renee; Hubmayr, Johannes; Huffenberger, Kevin M.; Hughes, John P.; Koopman, Brian J.; MacInnis, Amanda; McMahon, Jeff; Madhavacheril, Mathew S.; Moodley, Kavilan; Mroczkowski, Tony; Naess, Sigurd; Nati, Federico; Newburgh, Laura B.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Partridge, Bruce; Schillaci, Alessandro; Sehgal, Neelima; Sifon, Cristobal; Spergel, David N.; Staggs, Suzanne; Storer, Emilie R.; Ullom, Joel N.; Vale, Leila R.; van Engelen, Alexander; Van Lanen, Jeff; Vavagiakis, Eve M.; Wollack, Edward J.; Xu, Zhilei
    The thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ, kSZ) probe the thermodynamic properties of the circumgalactic and intracluster medium (CGM and ICM) of galaxies, groups, and clusters, since they are proportional, respectively, to the integrated electron pressure and momentum along the line of sight. We present constraints on the gas thermodynamics of CMASS (constant stellar mass) galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey using new measurements of the kSZ and tSZ signals obtained in a companion paper [Schaan et al.]. Combining kSZ and tSZ measurements, we measure within our model the amplitude of energy injection epsilon M.c(2) , where M-* is the stellar mass, to be epsilon = (40 +/- 9) x 10(-6) , and the amplitude of the nonthermal pressure profile to be alpha(Nth) < 0.2(2 sigma), indicating that less than 20% of the total pressure within the virial radius is due to a nonthermal component. We estimate the effects of including baryons in the modeling of weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements using the best-fit density profile from the kSZ measurement. Our estimate reduces the difference between the original theoretical model and the weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements in [A. Leauthaud et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 467, 3024 (2017)] by half (50% at most), but does not fully reconcile it. Comparing the kSZ and tSZ measurements to cosmological simulations, we find that they underpredict the CGM pressure and to a lesser extent the CGM density at larger radii with probabilities to exceed ranging from 0.00 to 0.03 and 0.12 to 0.14, for tSZ and kSZ, respectively. This suggests that the energy injected via feedback models in the simulations that we compared against does not sufficiently heat the gas at these radii. We do not find significant disagreement at smaller radii. These measurements provide novel tests of current and future simulations. This work demonstrates the power of joint, high signal-to-noise kSZ and tSZ observations, upon which future cross-correlation studies will improve.
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    The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: arcminute-resolution maps of 18 000 square degrees of the microwave sky from ACT 2008-2018 data combined with Planck
    (2020) Naess, Sigurd; Aiola, Simone; Austermann, Jason E.; Battaglia, Nick; Beall, James A.; Becker, Daniel T.; Bond, Richard J.; Calabrese, Erminia; Choi, Steve K.; Cothard, Nicholas F.; Crowley, Kevin T.; Darwish, Omar; Datta, Rahul; Denison, Edward, V; Devlin, Mark; Duell, Cody J.; Duff, Shannon M.; Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J.; Dunkley, Jo; Duenner, Rolando; Fox, Anna E.; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Halpern, Mark; Han, Dongwon; Hasselfield, Matthew; Hill, J. Colin; Hilton, Gene C.; Hilton, Matt; Hincks, Adam D.; Hlozek, Renee; Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Hubmayr, Johannes; Huffenberger, Kevin; Hughes, John P.; Kosowsky, Arthur B.; Louis, Thibaut; Madhavacheril, Mathew S.; McMahon, Jeff; Moodley, Kavilan; Nati, Federico; Nibarger, John P.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman; Partridge, Bruce; Salatino, Maria; Schaan, Emmanuel; Schillaci, Alessandro; Schmitt, Benjamin; Sherwin, Blake D.; Sehgal, Neelima; Sifon, Cristobal; Spergel, David; Staggs, Suzanne; Stevens, Jason; Storer, Emilie; Ullom, Joel N.; Vale, Leila R.; Van Engelen, Alexander; Van Lanen, Jeff; Vavagiakis, Eve M.; Wollack, Edward J.; Xu, Zhilei
    This paper presents a maximum-likelihood algorithm for combining sky maps with disparate sky coverage, angular resolution and spatially varying anisotropic noise into a single map of the sky. We use this to merge hundreds of individual maps covering the 2008-2018 ACT observing seasons, resulting in by far the deepest ACT maps released so far. We also combine the maps with the full Planck maps, resulting in maps that have the best features of both Planck and ACT: Planck's nearly white noise on intermediate and large angular scales and ACT's high-resolution and sensitivity on small angular scales. The maps cover over 18 000 square degrees, nearly half the full sky, at 100, 150 and 220 GHz. They reveal 4 000 optically-confirmed clusters through the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZ) and 18 500 point source candidates at > 5 sigma, the largest single collection of SZ clusters and millimeter wave sources to date. The multi-frequency maps provide millimeter images of nearby galaxies and individual Milky Way nebulae, and even clear detections of several nearby stars. Other anticipated uses of these maps include, for example, thermal SZ and kinematic SZ cluster stacking, CMB cluster lensing and galactic dust science. The method itself has negligible bias. However, due to the preliminary nature of some of the component data sets, we caution that these maps should not be used for precision cosmological analysis. The maps are part of ACT DR5, and will be made available on LAMBDA no later than three months after the journal publication of this article, along with an interactive sky atlas.