Browsing by Author "Biehl Lundberg, Andrés"
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- ItemBiographies of uncertainty regulation in the labor market and extension of working life in Chile(Oxford Academic, 2024) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Yopo Díaz, Martina; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Cereceda, Trinidad; Ormeño, Juan Pablo; Ortiz Ruiz, Francisca JoséDespite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative data (life story interviews of 90 older workers aged 60–86, across 21 cities and 6 regions), we approached the complexity of extended working lives in Chile by addressing an unexplored dimension. Specifically, we explore individuals’ agency over their employment trajectories (i.e., both in adulthood and old age) among those who remained active in the labor market after the legal retirement age. Our findings provide strong evidence that extended working lives not only result from precarious social conditions, but are also shaped by complex processes involving both expansive and adaptive individual agency in which people engaged throughout their life course. Therefore, the high exogenous uncertainty in the labor market should not merely be interpreted from the perspective of “precarity,” but also as a scenario that encouraged individuals to behave in a way that led them to engage in the labor force across their lives in accordance with their preferred level of endogenous uncertainty.
- ItemContinuity and Change of Religious Affiliation in Contexts of Rapid Transformations: The Chilean 1938–1963 Generation(2024) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Neckelmann, MaureenThis article explores the religious trajectories of individuals born between 1938 and 1963 in Santiago, Chile, a generation that witnessed significant social and political transformations. Using survey data and a life history calendar from a representative sample of 792 individuals, we applied descriptive statistics, sequence analysis, and logit multivariate models to assess the factors driving religious persistence and change over their lifetimes. Chile provides a unique case study of Evangelical and Pentecostal growth due to the rapid expansion of these movements during the 1960s and 1970s. We examine the role of economic modernization and family religious transmission in shaping religious identification. Our findings reveal limited religious pluralism within a broader framework of stability: religious identities formed in youth remained relatively fixed, with some conversions to Evangelism from Catholicism later in life. These results challenge two common assumptions in the literature: that religious identity is primarily fixed in childhood, and that all Chilean cohorts have experienced steady secularization in recent decades.
- ItemContra la Libertad: Por qué la ilusión de elegir dañó nuestra convivencia(Ariel, 2023) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Vera Concha, Germán¿Por qué la arquitectura de seguridad social en nuestro país generó incertidumbre y conflicto cuando su objetivo era, por el contrario, entregar certezas a lo largo de nuestras vidas? Contra la Libertad examina cómo los supuestos de racionalidad individual y consentimiento contractual que ordenan nuestra educación, salud y previsión han diluido al mismo individuo, su capacidad de consentir y, por ende, su percepción de ser responsable frente a sus decisiones. Centrados en liberar capacidades individuales, los instrumentos de nuestra seguridad social traspasaron responsabilidades que pocos podían asumir y sentir como propias. El énfasis en el autointerés que permitiría una relación de confianza entre instituciones y personas terminó por hacernos olvidar que la seguridad social es constitutiva de nuestras obligaciones sociales y, por lo tanto, de nuestra vida con otros. La tarea, aseguran el sociólogo Andrés Biehl y el economista Germán Vera, es pensar cómo las pensiones, la educación, la salud y sus contornos constitucionales pueden convertirse en una dimensión de nuestra pertenencia, de sano orgullo compartido que modere las incertidumbres que enfrentamos como individuos, como comunidades y entre generaciones.
- ItemDescubriendo una religiosidad de santuario: Reflexiones sobre la importancia de los santuarios religiosos en la religiosidad popular latinoamericana(2024) Vives Sepúlveda, Lorenzo Enrique; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Neckelmann, Maureen; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de SociologíaEsta tesis busca comprender la importancia de los santuarios religiosos en la religiosidad popular latinoamericana. Utilizando como caso de estudio al santuario de Lo Vásquez, se realiza un acercamiento etnográfico que combina la realización de 22 entrevistas en profundidad en conjunto con observación etnográfica y fotografías que permiten una mejor interpretación del campo. Utilizando las miradas provenientes de los estudios de religión popular y religión vivida, se busca profundizar en el estudio de santuarios religiosos, incorporando aquellas miradas de la religiosidad popular y religión vivida, como la importancia de la materialidad, sensaciones y emociones, que han sido poco desarrolladas por los estudios de la religión. Así, el fenómeno religioso se observa desde lo que De la torre (2012) denomina como una religiosidad “entre-medio”, lo que permite a esta tesis estudiar a los santuarios en una mayor y más profunda complejidad.Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, esta tesis comienza con una descripción densa de la fiesta del santuario de Lo Vásquez. Luego, se analiza qué tipos de religiosidades están presentes en Lo Vásquez y cómo se configura el entramado religioso del santuario. Se encontró que hay dos tipos de religiosidades presentes, a saber, una religiosidad de templo, asociada a una piedad de templo en la que los sacramentos, la asistencia a misa y los valores cristianos tienen una importancia de primer orden; y una religiosidad de culto, en la que la experiencia del sacrificio y el simbolismo son constitutivas de este tipo de religiosidad. Estos dos tipos de religiosidades logran convivir en el santuario gracias a la mediación eclesial. Por último, para comprender la importancia de los santuarios religiosos, utilizo lo que denomino “religiosidad de santuario”, una manera de agrupar una serie de vivencias en la vida de los fieles, en donde la asistencia a un santuario marca para siempre la trayectoria religiosa de las personas.
- ItemFrom reciprocity to welfare: Rerum Novarum, Catholicism, and early social security in Latin America(2022) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Pérez de Arce, RodrigoThis article explores the role of Catholicism after the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891), in shaping early Latin American social security. While social security is often interpreted as the outcome of organized distributional struggles, recent scholarship has begun to pay attention to the religious origins of a variety of social security systems. Building on this “religious turn”, the article reviews how research on religious traditions and the welfare state illuminate Latin American early developments of social security. By placing these experiences within welfare research at the beginning of the 20th century, this review aims to shed light on two understudied themes. First, new questions emerge connecting cultural understandings to their institutionalization through social policy. Second, Rerum Novarum and the social doctrines of the Catholic Church provided a vocabulary to nurture and legitimize secular state interventions in line with traditional ideas of reciprocity and charity. Social security models inspired by early German and French experiences, through the recommendations of the International Labour Organization, were adapted to local realities without challenging previous forms of social organizations that favored Catholic notions of in-kind support and encouraged personal relationships. Building on recent scholarship, the article ends by calling for further research on how Catholic in-built conceptions of reciprocity shape secular policies.
- ItemGender inequalities in extended working life: a systematic review of qualitative studies(2025) Ortíz Ruíz, Francisca; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Budnevich-Portales, Carlos; Cereceda, Trinidad; Ormeño Campos, Juan Pablo Jesús; Yopo Díaz, Martina IrinaExtended working life (EWL) in old age is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in aging populations. Gender inequalities constitute one of the most studied aspects of EWL. However, research on this issue has been predominantly quantitative, resulting in limited understanding of the situated meanings and experiences of work in old age for men and women. This article sheds light on the few studies that have explored gender inequalities in EWL qualitatively, systematically reviewing 47 articles. This study includes a meta-analysis of the papers reviewed, discusses the most frequent topics and content addressed by qualitative studies, and introduces a brief overview of the main findings on gender inequalities in the literature. These findings underscore that the literature has mainly been published in countries of the Global North, with data primarily focused on those nations. Additionally, there is an emphasis on research related to the meanings, decisions, policies, and narratives surrounding retirement, while only a limited number of articles have a defined theoretical framework. Finally, the limited number of comparisons between countries suggests a need for further research from these perspectives. We conclude this systematic review by discussing the main findings, suggesting policy implications of our work and identifying gaps that should be addressed in future research.
- ItemGendered employment trajectories and later life health in liberal regime countries: A quantitative study in the United States, England, Switzerland and Chile(Elsevier, 2025) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Baumann, Isabel; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Corna, Laurie; Mautz, Eric; Yopo Díaz, Martina IrinaWe explore the association between adulthood employment patterns and later life health among men and women in four liberal regime countries: two from Europe (England and Switzerland) and two from the Americas (United States and Chile). We carefully harmonized life-history data from the surveys SHARE (N = 1,143), HRS (N = 4,006), ELSA (N = 3,083), and EVDA (N = 802). The samples included individuals born between 1944 and 1954, with information on employment histories from age 15 to 65 and on 11 health outcomes in later life. In line with welfare regime and health literature, we find significant differences in health outcomes between countries, which are likely explained by differences in health systems. However, we extend previous literature by showing that positive health outcomes are consistently explained by standard employment histories, and poor health outcomes are consistently explained by non-standard employment histories. Importantly, men and women following the same employment pathway across countries are either similarly penalized or compensated in their health. This suggests that it is not gender per se that affects health in later life, but the employment trajectory experienced. Nonetheless, women are disproportionately more likely to experience non-standard employment and thus suffer a greater health disadvantage. Policy measures to mitigate negative health effects of non-standard employment trajectories may therefore pay attention to the specific reasons why women are more likely to experience non-standard trajectories.
- ItemLlegar a la edad de jubilación : nudos críticos y régimen de bienestar en Chile(Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2018) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Wormald D., Guillermo; Browne Mönckeberg, Magdalena
- ItemPolítica social en Chile: ¿se debiera implementar un Ingreso Básico Universal?(2022) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Inostroza, Alejandra; Irarrázabal, Ignacio; Janiak, Alexandre; Larrañaga, Osvaldo; Sapelli, Claudio; Traferri, AlejandraEl documento comienza con una descripción de la política social en Chile, a modo de diagnóstico. A continuación, se presentan las características del IBU, la principal evidencia sobre sus efectos y una breve descripción de los casos en que se ha implementado. Con estos antecedentes, se presentan argumentos que muestran que el IBU no es una política recomendable en el contexto chileno, principalmente por el alto costo que significaría para el Estado como también por los efectos negativos que podría tener en la lucha contra la pobreza y la desigualdad social. Finalmente, se entregan algunas lecciones y consideraciones relevantes para cualquier reforma que se haga en esta materia
- ItemPrivate Pension Systems Built on Precarious Foundations: A Cohort Study of Labor-Force Trajectories in Chile(SAGE Publications, 2019) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Sehnbruch, Kirsten; Calvo Bralic, Esteban; Bertranou, FabioThe success of private pension systems to provide old-age security is mainly a function of continuous individual pension contributions linked to formal employment. Using a rich longitudinal dataset from Chile and employing sequence analysis, this study examines the pension contribution histories and formal employment pathways of a cohort of individuals who began their working lives simultaneously to the introduction of the Chilean private pension system in the early 1980s, which pioneered private-oriented pension reforms worldwide. Results show that more than half of the individuals from this cohort developed labor-force trajectories inconsistent with continuous pension contributions and formal employment, which particularly affects women and lower educated people. We conclude that policy and decision makers focused on aging topics should be aware of the increasing diversity and precariousness of labor-force trajectories when evaluating the performance and sustainability of both private and public pension regimes.
- Item¿Qué Pensamos los Chilenos de Nuestros Impuestos?(2015) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés
- ItemTaxes without Taxpayers : The Invisibility of Taxes in Chile(2019) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Labarca, J. T.; Vela, J.
- ItemUnderstanding vulnerable and multiple life courses across Latin America(2024) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Cabib Madero, Ignacio; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; Abufhele, AlejandraIn this debate article, we examine how the growth and consolidation of life course research –a field experiencing a “golden age” according to Ferraro and Shafer (2017)– has enriched our understanding of social vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C) 1. Our examination of life course and vulnerability studies aims to provide insights on two critical aspects of this region: First, we explore the impact of welfare institutions on diverse life trajectories, and second, we address the deeply entrenched inequalities of LA&C societies. Accordingly, our conceptual discussion of vulnerability and the life course revolves around these twin themes, the role of welfare institutions and the persistent inequality of LA&C societies, which hold significant implications for the sociologyand social policy of the region.