Browsing by Author "Benavides, Pelayo"

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    Animal Symbolism in Folk Narratives and Human Attitudes towards Predators: An Analysis of their Mutual Influences
    (2013) Benavides, Pelayo
    This article deals with the symbolic aspects of folk narratives involving animals considered to be harmful'. Its main focus is a study of narratives collected by Chilean schoolchildren concerning eight endangered animal species. These narratives are analysed as cultural models and as educational tools for environmental purposes.
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    Desafíos y oportunidades de la etnoecología para la conservación y el desarrollo local en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile
    (2010) Márquez García, Marcela; Benavides, Pelayo; Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás
    A pesar de mantener su independencia política hasta mediados del siglo XIX, la región de la Araucanía recibió desde los inicios de la Conquista, una influencia directa y constante de la cultura hispana. Estos procesos históricos determinaron un impacto ambiental temprano en la región y la conformación de un paisaje cultural complejo y único, donde hoy en día coexisten: bosques templados lluviosos, milenarias araucarias, valles glaciales y volcanes activos; vastas áreas protegidas tanto públicas como privadas; una Reserva de Biosfera situada en la cadena volcánica meridional de los Andes; diversas especies endémicas; especies introducidas, cultivos agrícolas y plantaciones forestales; una antigua historia y amplio conocimiento del entorno natural ligado al pueblo mapuche; la cultura criolla y la de inmigrantes antiguos y recientes. Lamentablemente, la intensidad de los procesos de homogeneización biológica y cultural se ha ido incrementando progresivamente en las últimas décadas, amenazando seriamente la composición, la estructura y el funcionamiento de los sistemas socio-ecológicos en Sudamérica austral. A nivel local, la escasa comprensión del conocimiento ecológico tradicional impide la generación de mecanismos para construir resiliencia y sustentabilidad. El presente trabajo explora los desafíos y oportunidades que nos ofrece la etnoecología para la revitalización de la diversidad biocultural, la conservación y el desarrollo local en la región de la Araucanía. A partir de las referencias bibliográficas consultadas, fue posible apreciar que los trabajos etnobotánicos desarrollados a la fecha han abordado los principios de la clasificación mapuche de las plantas y el conocimiento ecológico tradicional asociado al Pehuén (Araucaria araucana). Estos últimos presentan ciertas contradicciones cuando se concluye sobre la eficacia de las prácticas de recolección del piñón (fruto del pehuén) para el manejo del bosque nativo, lo que plantea la necesidad de incorporar investigación ecológica básica para determinar los alcances concretos de este conocimiento en el manejo y conservación de la biodiversidad.
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    Flying sounds: Mapuche ethno-ornithology from South American temperate forests
    (2018) Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Caviedes, Julián; Benavides, Pelayo
    Ethno-ornithology explores the relationship between birds and people. In Chile, there are few ethno-ornithological works that have explored the etymology of bird names. We conducted an extensive literature review of Mapuche names for birds and their etymologies. Because of the relative importance of onomatopoeias as the origin of Mapuche names for birds, we compared the proportion of onomatopoeic names for different forest-dwelling indigenous peoples of the world. Finally, we evaluated if Mapuche bird names have permeated common names currently used in Chile. We found 220 bird names in Mapuzugun (Mapuche language) for 89 species and the etymology for 141 names. Seventy eight (55%) names had an onomatopoeic origin, 24 (17%) names came from the bird's aspect, 24 (17%) from bird behavior, 12 (9%) from a symbolic perception generated by the bird and 3 (2%) from the species habitat. From a total of 13 different indigenous peoples examined, only the Mbuti from the Congo presented a higher percentage of onomatopoeic names (67%) in comparison to Mapuche people. Onomatopoeia is the most dominant root for bird names from southern temperate forests and it is pervasive in many locations of the world. We believe that its influence may rest on the fact that it better captures immediacy in the landscape of human-bird encounters, compared to other naming logics. The knowledge about the origin of bird names and how they are present in our daily lives allow a better understanding of different cultural views towards birds and promote a higher respect for biocultural heritage
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    Key Aspects of Leisure Experiences in Protected Wilderness Areas: Notions of Nature, Senses of Place and Perceived Benefits
    (2020) Ried, Andres; Monteagudo, Maria Jesus; Benavides, Pelayo; Le Bon, Anne; Carmody, Stephanie; Santos, Rodrigo
    The main objective of this research was to contribute to the understanding of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas. This was pursued through the interpretation and analysis of three variables; the personal notion of "Nature", perception of benefits, and senses of place put forward by resident and non-resident visitors to three protected wilderness areas in southern Chile. Through a post hoc qualitative, in-depth interview with 36 subjects, connections between the aforementioned variables were established. Among the results, the strength with which the romantic notion of Nature appears linked with leisure experiences was highlighted. With the latter, leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas were identified as the generators of "benefits" and "sense of place". Finally, four key dimensions of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas emerged: transcendence, perception of well-being, connection and environmental awareness.