Browsing by Author "Becker, Maja"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11
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    A 32-society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping
    (2023) Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida; Jetten, Jolanda; Peters, Kim; Ashokkumar, Ashwini; Barry, Oumar; Billet, Matthew; Becker, Maja; Booth, Robert W.; Castro, Diego; Chinchilla, Juana; Costantini, Giulio; Dejonckheere, Egon; Dimdins, Girts; Erbas, Yasemin; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Hatano, Aya; Hartwich, Lea; Jarukasemthawee, Somboon; Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar; Novak, Lindsay M.; Kim, Jinseok P.; Kohut, Michal; Liu, Yi; Loughnan, Steve; Onyishi, Ike E.; Onyishi, Charity N.; Varela, Micaela; Pattara-angkoon, Iris S.; Peker, Mujde; Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya; Rizwan, Muhammad; Suh, Eunkook M.; Swann, William; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Vanhasbroeck, Niels; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wacera, Grace; Wang, Zhechen; Wibisono, Susilo; Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan
    There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality-that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor.
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    Being oneself through time: Bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures
    (2018) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Abuhamdeh, Sami; Cendales Ayala, Boris; Gardarsdottir, Ragna B.; Torres, Ana; Camino, Leoncio; Bond, Michael Harris; Nizharadze, George
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    Beyond the 'East-West' Dichotomy : Global Variation in Cultural Models of Selfhood
    (2016) Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Becker, Maja; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brown, Rupert; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Didier, Nicolás; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego
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    Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism : Personhood Beliefs Across 37 National Groups
    (2013) Owe, Ellinor; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Becker, Maja; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Lee, Spike W. S.; Easterbrook, Matt; González Gutiérrez, Roberto; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego; Lay Martinez, Siugmin Paz; Didier, Nicólas; Cadena, María Paz
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    Culture and the Distinctiveness Motive: Constructing Identity in Individualistic and Collectivistic Contexts
    (AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2012) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matt; Herman, Ginette; de Sauvage, Isabelle; Bourguignon, David; Tones, Ana; Camino, Leoncio; Silveira Lemos, Flavia Cristina; Cristina Ferreira, M.; Koller, Silvia H.; Gonzalez, Roberto; Carrasco, Diego; Paz Cadena, Maria; Lay, Siugmin; Wang, Qian; Bond, Michael Harris; Vargas Trujillo, Elvia; Balanta, Paola; Valk, Aune; Mekonnen, Kassahun Habtamu; Nizharadze, George; Fueloep, Marta; Regalia, Camillo; Manzi, Claudia; Brambilla, Maria; Harb, Charles; Aldhafri, Said; Martin, Mariana; Macapagal, Ma Elizabeth J.; Chybicka, Aneta; Gavreliuc, Alin; Buitendach, Johanna; Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Ozgen, Emre; Guner, Ulku E.; Yamakoglu, Nil
    The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.
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    Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
    (2023) Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Jurek, Pawel; Besta, Tomasz; Olech, Michal; Vandello, Joseph A.; Bender, Michael; Dandy, Justine; Hoorens, Vera; Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga; Mankowski, Eric; Venalainen, Satu; Abuhamdeh, Sami; Agyemang, Collins Badu; Akbas, Gulcin; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Ammirati, Soline; Anderson, Joel; Anjum, Gulnaz; Ariyanto, Amarina; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Ashraf, Mujeeba; Bakaityte, Aiste; Becker, Maja; Bertolli, Chiara; Berxulli, Dashamir; Best, Deborah L.; Bi, Chongzeng; Block, Katharina; Boehnke, Mandy; Bongiorno, Renata; Bosak, Janine; Casini, Annalisa; Chen, Qingwei; Chi, Peilian; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Daalmans, Serena; de Lemus, Soledad; Dhakal, Sandesh; Dvorianchikov, Nikolay; Egami, Sonoko; Etchezahar, Edgardo; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Froehlich, Laura; Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gomez, Angel; Guizzo, Francesca; Graf, Sylvie; Greijdanus, Hedy; Grigoryan, Ani; Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna; Guerch, Keltouma; Senden, Marie Gustafsson; Hale, Miriam-Linnea; Hamer, Hannah; Hirai, Mika; Duc, Lam Hoang; Hrebickova, Martina; Hutchings, Paul B.; Jensen, Dorthe Hoj; Karabati, Serdar; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Kengyel, Gabriella; Khachatryan, Narine; Ghazzawi, Rawan; Kinahan, Mary; Kirby, Teri A.; Kovacs, Monika; Kozlowski, Desiree; Krivoshchekov, Vladislav; Krys, Kuba; Kulich, Clara; Kurosawa, Tai; Nhan Thi Lac An; Labarthe-Carrara, Javier; Lauri, Mary Anne; Latu, Ioana; Lawal, Abiodun Musbau; Li, Junyi; Lindner, Jana; Lindqvist, Anna; Maitner, Angela T.; Makarova, Elena; Makashvili, Ana; Malayeri, Shera; Malik, Sadia; Mancini, Tiziana; Manzi, Claudia; Mari, Silvia; Martiny, Sarah E.; Mayer, Claude-Helene; Mihic, Vladimir; Dordevic, Jasna Milosevic; Moreno-Bella, Eva; Moscatelli, Silvia; Moynihan, Andrew Bryan; Muller, Dominique; Narhetali, Erita; Neto, Felix; Noels, Kimberly A.; Nyul, Boglarka; O'Connor, Emma C.; Ochoa, Danielle P.; Ohno, Sachiko; Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju; Osborne, Randall; Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina; Palacio, Jorge; Patnaik, Snigdha; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; de Leon, Pablo Perez; Piterova, Ivana; Porto, Juliana Barreiros; Puzio, Angelica; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Perez, Erico Renteria; Renstrom, Emma; Rousseaux, Tiphaine; Ryan, Michelle K.; Safdar, Saba; Sainz, Mario; Salvati, Marco; Samekin, Adil; Schindler, Simon; Sevincer, A. Timur; Seydi, Masoumeh; Shepherd, Debra; Sherbaji, Sara; Schmader, Toni; Simao, Claudia; Sobhie, Rosita; Sobiecki, Jurand; De Souza, Lucille; Sarter, Emma; Sulejmanovic, Dijana; Sullivan, Katie E.; Tatsumi, Mariko; Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy; Thakur, Suparna Jain; Quang Thi Mong Chi; Torre, Beatriz; Torres, Ana; Torres, Claudio, V; Turkoglu, Beril; Ungaretti, Joaquin; Valshtein, Timothy; Van Laar, Colette; van der Noll, Jolanda; Vasiutynskyi, Vadym; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vohra, Neharika; Walentynowicz, Marta; Ward, Colleen; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Yang, Yaping; Yzerbyt, Vincent; Zanello, Valeska; Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila; Zawisza, Magdalena; Zukauskiene, Rita; Zadkowska, Magdalena
    Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries' more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men's self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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    High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization
    (2024) Kirkland, Kelly; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Gorenz, Drew; Blake, Khandis; Amiot, Catherine E.; Ausmees, Liisi; Baguma, Peter; Barry, Oumar; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn; Booth, Robert W.; Castelain, Thomas; Costantini, Giulio; Dimdins, Girts; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Fischer, Ronald; Friese, Malte; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Halama, Peter; Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo; Ilustrisimo, Ruby D.; Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.; Kuppens, Peter; Loughnan, Steve; Mastor, Khairul A.; McLatchie, Neil; Novak, Lindsay M.; Onyekachi, Blessing N.; Rizwan, Muhammad; Schaller, Mark; Serafimovska, Eleonora; Suh, Eunkook M.; Swann Jr, William B.; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Torres, Ana; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wang, Zhechen; Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan; Bastian, Brock
    Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization-that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life-as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as "disgust", "hurt", and "respect'). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.
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    Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2022) Kirkland, Kelly; Crimston, Charlie R.; Jetten, Jolanda; Rudnev, Maksim; Acevedo-Triana, Cesar; Amiot, Catherine E.; Ausmees, Liisi; Baguma, Peter; Barry, Oumar; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn; Castelain, Thomas; Costantini, Giulio; Dimdins, Girts; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Fischer, Ronald; Friese, Malte; Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Halama, Peter; Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.; Kuppens, Peter; Loughnan, Steve; Markovik, Marijana; Mastor, Khairul A.; McLatchie, Neil; Novak, Lindsay M.; Onyekachi, Blessing N.; Peker, Mujde; Rizwan, Muhammad; Schaller, Mark; Suh, Eunkook M.; Talaifar, Sanaz; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Torres, Ana; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wang, Zhechen; Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan; Bastian, Brock
    What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.
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    Populism, Economic Distress, Cultural Backlash, and Identity Threat: Integrating Patterns and Testing Cross-National Validity
    (2024) Manunta, Efisio; Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Bertin, Paul; Crapolicchio, Eleonora; Contreras, Camila; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gonzalez, Roberto; Manzi, Claudia; Salanova, Thomas; Easterbrook, Matthew J.
    Populism is on the rise across liberal democracies. The sociopsychological underpinnings of this increasing endorsement of populist ideology should be uncovered. In an online cross-sectional survey study among adult samples from five countries (Chile, France, Italy, Romania, and the United Kingdom; N = 9,105), we aimed to replicate an economic distress pattern in which relative deprivation and identity threat are associated with populism. We further tested a cultural backlash pattern-including perceived anomie, collective narcissism, and identity threat as predictors of populism. Multigroup structural equation models supported both economic distress and cultural backlash paths as predictors of populist thin ideology endorsement. In both paths, identity threat to belonging played a significant role as partial mediator. Furthermore, an integrative model showed that the two patterns were not mutually exclusive. These findings emphasize the implication of identity threat to belonging as an explanatory mediator and demonstrate the cross-national generalizability of these patterns.
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    Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations
    (2022) Kirkland, Kelly; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Van Doesum, Niels J.; Acevedo-Triana, Cesar; Amiot, Catherine E.; Ausmees, Liisi; Baguma, Peter; Barry, Oumar; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn; Castelain, Thomas; Costantini, Giulio; Dimdins, Girts; Espinosa, Agustin; Finchilescu, Gillian; Fischer, Ronald; Friese, Malte; Gomez, Angel; Gonzalez, Roberto; Goto, Nobuhiko; Halama, Peter; Ilustrisimo, Ruby D.; Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.; Kuppens, Peter; Loughnan, Steve; Markovik, Marijana; Mastor, Khairul A.; McLatchie, Neil; Novak, Lindsay M.; Onyishi, Ike E.; Peker, Mujde; Rizwan, Muhammad; Schaller, Mark; Suh, Eunkook M.; Swann, William B., Jr.; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Torres, Ana; Turner, Rhiannon N.; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Vinogradov, Alexander; Wang, Zhechen; Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan; Bastian, Brock
    People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.
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    The motive for distinctiveness in cultural context: Results from a 19-nation study
    (2010) Becker, Maja; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Owe, Ellinor; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Peter B.; Easterbrook, Matthew; Özgen, Emre; Güner, Ülkü E.; Yamakoğlu, Nil; Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Buitendach, Johanna; Gavreliuc, Alin; Chybicka, Aneta; Macapagal, Ma. Elizabeth J.; Aldhafri, Said; Martin, Mariana; González, Roberto; Carrasco Ogaz, Diego Alonso; Cadena Cruz, María Paz; Lay Martínez, Siugmin Paz