Browsing by Author "Bachelet, E."

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    A Close Binary Lens Revealed by the Microlensing Event Gaia20bof
    (2024) Bachelet, E.; Rota, P.; Bozza, V.; Zielinski, P.; Tsapras, Y.; Hundertmark, M.; Wambsganss, J.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Mikolajczyk, P. J.; Street, R. A.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Cassan, A.; Dominik, M.; Buckley, D. A. H.; Awiphan, S.; Nakhaharutai, N.; Zola, S.; Rybicki, K. A.; Gromadzki, M.; Howil, K.; Ihanec, N.; Jablonska, M.; Kruszynska, K.; Pylypenko, U.; Ratajczak, M.; Sitek, M.; Rabus, M.
    During the last 25 yr, hundreds of binary stars and planets have been discovered toward the Galactic bulge by microlensing surveys. Thanks to a new generation of large-sky surveys, it is now possible to regularly detect microlensing events across the entire sky. The OMEGA Key Projet at the Las Cumbres Observatory carries out automated follow-up observations of microlensing events alerted by these surveys with the aim of identifying and characterizing exoplanets as well as stellar remnants. In this study, we present the analysis of the binary lens event Gaia20bof. By automatically requesting additional observations, the OMEGA Key Project obtained dense time coverage of an anomaly near the peak of the event, allowing characterization of the lensing system. The observed anomaly in the lightcurve is due to a binary lens. However, several models can explain the observations. Spectroscopic observations indicate that the source is located at <= 2.0 kpc, in agreement with the parallax measurements from Gaia. While the models are currently degenerate, future observations, especially the Gaia astrometric time series as well as high-resolution imaging, will provide extra constraints to distinguish between them.
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    An analysis of binary microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-0060
    (2019) Tsapras, Y.; Cassan, A.; Ranc, C.; Bachelet, E.; Street, R.; Udalski, A.; Hundertmark, M.; Bozza, V.; Beaulieu, J. P.; Rabus, Markus; Marquette, J. B.; Euteneuer, E.; Bramich, D. M.; Dominik, M.; Jaimes, R. F.; Horne, K.; Mao, S.; Menzies, J.; Schmidt, R.; Snodgrass, C.; Steele, I. A.; Wambsganss, J.; Mroz, P.; Szymanski, M. K.; Soszynski, I.; Skowron, J.; Pietrukowicz, Pawel; Kozlowski, S.; Poleski, R.; Ulaczyk, K.; Pawlak, M.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Skottfelt, J.; Popovas, A.; Ciceri, S.; Korhonen, H.; Kuffmeier, M.; Evans, D. F.; Peixinho, N.; Hinse, T. C.; Burgdorf, M. J.; Southworth, J.; Tronsgaard, R.; Kerins, E.; Andersen, M. I.; Rahvar, S.; Wang, Y.; Wertz, O.; Novati, S. C.; D'Ago, G.; Scarpetta, G.; Mancini, L.; Abe, F.; Asakura, Y.; Bennett, D. P.; Bhattacharya, A.; Donachie, M.; Evans, P.; Fukui, A.; Hirao, Y.; Itow, Y.; Kawasaki, K.; Koshimoto, N.; Li, M. C. A.; Ling, C. H.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Muraki, Y.; Miyazaki, S.; Nagakane, M.; Ohnishi, K.; Rattenbury, N.; Saito, T.; Sharan, A.; Shibai, H.; Sullivan, D. J.; Sumi, T.; Suzuki, D.; Tristram, P. J.; Yamada, T.; Yonehara, A.
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    Gaia21blx: Complete resolution of a binary microlensing event in the Galactic disk
    (2024) Rota, P.; Bozza, V.; Hundertmark, M.; Bachelet, E.; Street, R.; Tsapras, Y.; Cassan, A.; Dominik, M.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Rybicki, K. A.; Wambsganss, J.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Zielinski, P.; Bonavita, M.; Hinse, T. C.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Khalouei, E.; Korhonen, H.; Longa-Pena, P.; Peixinho, N.; Rahvar, S.; Sajadian, S.; Skottfelt, J.; Snodgrass, C.; Tregolan-Reed, J.
    Context. Gravitational microlensing is a method that is used to discover planet-hosting systems at distances of several kiloparsec in the Galactic disk and bulge. We present the analysis of a microlensing event reported by the Gaia photometric alert team that might have a bright lens. Aims. In order to infer the mass and distance to the lensing system, the parallax measurement at the position of Gaia21blx was used. In this particular case, the source and the lens have comparable magnitudes and we cannot attribute the parallax measured by Gaia to the lens or source alone. Methods. Since the blending flux is important, we assumed that the Gaia parallax is the flux-weighted average of the parallaxes of the lens and source. Combining this assumption with the information from the microlensing models and the finite source effects we were able to resolve all degeneracies and thus obtained the mass, distance, luminosities and projected kinematics of the binary lens and the source. Results. According to the best model, the lens is a binary system at 2.18 +/- 0.07 kpc from Earth. It is composed of a G star with 0.95 +/- 0.17 M-circle dot and a K star with 0.53 +/- 0.07 M-circle dot. The source is likely to be an F subgiant star at 2.38 +/- 1.71 kpc with a mass of 1.10 +/- 0.18 M-circle dot. Both lenses and the source follow the kinematics of the thin-disk population. We also discuss alternative models, that are disfavored by the data or by prior expectations, however.
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    OGLE-2014-BLG-1186 : gravitational microlensing providing evidence for a planet orbiting the foreground star or for a close binary source?
    (2019) Dominik, M.; Bachelet, E.; Bozza, V.; Street, R.A.; Han, C.; Hundertmark, M.; Udalski, A.; Bramich, D.M; Alsubai, K.A.; Rabus, Markus; Novati, S.C.; Ciceri, S.; D'Ago, G.; Jaimes, R.F.; Haugbolle, T.; Hinse, T.C.; Horne, K.; Jorgensen, U.G.; Juncher, D.; Kains, N.; Korhonen, H.
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    OGLE-2018-BLG-0022 : A Nearby M-dwarf Binary
    (2019) Street, R.A.; Bachelet, E.; Tsapras, Y.; Hundertmark, M.P.G.; Bozza, V.; Dominik, M.; Bramich, D.M.; Cassan, A.; Horne, K.; Rabus, Markus; Mao, S.; Saha, A.; Wambsganss, J.; Zang, WC; Jorgensen, UG
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    PATHWAY TO THE GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION OF PLANETS: COMBINED SPITZER AND GROUND-BASED MICROLENS PARALLAX MEASUREMENTS OF 21 SINGLE-LENS EVENTS
    (2015) Novati, S. Calchi; Gould, A.; Udalski, A.; Menzies, J. W.; Bond, I. A.; Shvartzvald, Y.; Street, R. A.; Hundertmark, M.; Beichman, C. A.; Yee, J. C.; Carey, S.; Poleski, R.; Skowron, J.; Kozlowski, S.; Mroz, P.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Pietrzynski, G.; Szymanski, M. K.; Soszynski, I.; Ulaczyk, K.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Albrow, M.; Beaulieu, J. P.; Caldwell, J. A. R.; Cassan, A.; Coutures, C.; Danielski, C.; Prester, D. Dominis; Donatowicz, J.; Loncaric, K.; McDougall, A.; Morales, J. C.; Ranc, C.; Zhu, W.; Abe, F.; Barry, R. K.; Bennett, D. P.; Bhattacharya, A.; Fukunaga, D.; Inayama, K.; Koshimoto, N.; Namba, S.; Sumi, T.; Suzuki, D.; Tristram, P. J.; Wakiyama, Y.; Yonehara, A.; Maoz, D.; Kaspi, S.; Friedmann, M.; Bachelet, E.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Bramich, D. M.; Tsapras, Y.; Horne, K.; Snodgrass, C.; Wambsganss, J.; Steele, I. A.; Kains, N.; Bozza, V.; Dominik, M.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Alsubai, K. A.; Ciceri, S.; D'Ago, G.; Haugbolle, T.; Hessman, F. V.; Hinse, T. C.; Juncher, D.; Korhonen, H.; Mancini, L.; Popovas, A.; Rabus, M.; Rahvar, S.; Scarpetta, G.; Schmidt, R. W.; Skottfelt, J.; Southworth, J.; Starkey, D.; Surdej, J.; Wertz, O.; Zarucki, M.; Gaudi, B. S.; Pogge, R. W.; De Poy, D. L.
    We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was similar to 1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.
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    Precision measurement of a brown dwarf mass in a binary system in the microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0033/MOA-2019-BLG-035
    (2022) Herald, A.; Udalski, A.; Bozza, V.; Rota, P.; Bond, I. A.; Yee, J. C.; Sajadian, S.; Mroz, P.; Poleski, R.; Skowron, J.; Szymanski, M. K.; Soszynski, I.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Kozlowski, S.; Ulaczyk, K.; Rybicki, K. A.; Iwanek, P.; Wrona, M.; Gromadzki, M.; Abe, F.; Barry, R.; Bennett, D. P.; Bhattacharya, A.; Fukui, A.; Fujii, H.; Hirao, Y.; Itow, Y.; Kirikawa, R.; Kondo, I.; Koshimoto, N.; Matsubara, Y.; Matsumoto, S.; Miyazaki, S.; Muraki, Y.; Olmschenk, G.; Ranc, C.; Okamura, A.; Rattenbury, N. J.; Satoh, Y.; Sumi, T.; Suzuki, D.; Silva, S. Ishitani; Toda, T.; Tristram, P. J.; Vandorou, A.; Yama, H.; Beichman, C. A.; Bryden, G.; Novati, S. Calchi; Carey, S.; Gaudi, B. S.; Gould, A.; Henderson, C. B.; Johnson, S.; Shvartzvald, Y.; Zhu, W.; Dominik, M.; Hundertmark, M.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Longa-Pena, P.; Skottfelt, J.; Tregloan-Reed, J.; Bach-Moller, N.; Burgdorf, M.; D'Ago, G.; Haikala, L.; Hitchcock, J.; Khalouei, E.; Peixinho, N.; Rahvar, S.; Snodgrass, C.; Southworth, J.; Spyratos, P.; Zang, W.; Yang, H.; Mao, S.; Bachelet, E.; Maoz, D.; Street, R. A.; Tsapras, Y.; Christie, G. W.; Cooper, T.; de Almeida, L.; do Nascimento, J. -D., Jr.; Green, J.; Han, C.; Hennerley, S.; Marmont, A.; McCormick, J.; Monard, L. A. G.; Natusch, T.; Pogge, R.
    Context. Brown dwarfs are transition objects between stars and planets that are still poorly understood, for which several competing mechanisms have been proposed to describe their formation. Mass measurements are generally difficult to carry out for isolated objects as well as for brown dwarfs orbiting low-mass stars, which are often too faint for a spectroscopic follow-up.
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    Red noise versus planetary interpretations in the microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-446
    (2015) Bachelet, E.; Bramich, D. M.; Han, C.; Greenhill, J.; Street, R. A.; Gould, A.; D'Ago, G.; AlSubai, K.; Dominik, M.; Rabus, Markus
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    ROME/REA: Three-year, Tri-color Timeseries Photometry of the Galactic Bulge
    (2024) Street, R. A.; Bachelet, E.; Tsapras, Y.; Hundertmark, M. P. G.; Bozza, V.; Bramich, D. M.; Cassan, A.; Dominik, M.; Figuera Jaimes, R.; Horne, K.; Mao, S.; Saha, A.; Wambsganss, J.; Zang, Weicheng
    The Robotic Observations of Microlensing Events/Reactive Event Assessment Survey was a Key Project at Las Cumbres Observatory (hereafter LCO) which continuously monitored 20 selected fields (3.76 sq.deg) in the Galactic Bulge throughout their seasonal visibility window over a three-year period, between 2017 March and 2020 March. Observations were made in three optical passbands (SDSS-g ', -r ', -i '), and LCO's multi-site telescope network enabled the survey to achieve a typical cadence of similar to 10 hr in i ' and similar to 15 hr in g ' and r ' . In addition, intervals of higher cadence (<1 hr) data were obtained during monitoring of key microlensing events within the fields. This paper describes the Difference Image Analysis data reduction pipeline developed to process these data, and the process for combining the photometry from LCO's three observing sites in the Southern Hemisphere. The full timeseries photometry for all similar to 8 million stars, down to a limiting magnitude of i similar to 18 mag is provided in the data release accompanying this paper, and samples of the data are presented for exemplar microlensing events, illustrating how the tri-band data are used to derive constraints on the microlensing source star parameters, a necessary step in determining the physical properties of the lensing object. The timeseries data also enables a wealth of additional science, for example in characterizing long-timescale stellar variability, and a few examples of the data for known variables are presented.
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    THE FIRST SIMULTANEOUS MICROLENSING OBSERVATIONS BY TWO SPACE TELESCOPES: SPITZER AND SWIFT REVEAL A BROWN DWARF IN EVENT OGLE-2015-BLG-1319
    (2016) Shvartzvald, Y.; Li, Z.; Udalski, A.; Gould, A.; Sumi, T.; Street, R. A.; Novati, S. Calchi; Hundertmark, M.; Bozza, V.; Beichman, C.; Bryden, G.; Carey, S.; Drummond, J.; Fausnaugh, M.; Gaudi, B. S.; Henderson, C. B.; Tan, T. G.; Wibking, B.; Pogge, R. W.; Yee, J. C.; Zhu, W.; Tsapras, Y.; Bachelet, E.; Dominik, M.; Bramich, D. M.; Cassan, A.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Horne, K.; Ranc, C.; Schmidt, R.; Snodgrass, C.; Wambsganss, J.; Steele, I. A.; Menzies, J.; Mao, S.; Poleski, R.; Pawlak, M.; Szymanski, M. K.; Skowron, J.; Mroz, P.; Kozlowski, S.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Soszynski, I.; Ulaczyk, K.; Abe, F.; Asakura, Y.; Barry, R. K.; Bennett, D. P.; Bhattacharya, A.; Bond, I. A.; Freeman, M.; Hirao, Y.; Itow, Y.; Koshimoto, N.; Li, M. C. A.; Ling, C. H.; Masuda, K.; Fukui, A.; Matsubara, Y.; Muraki, Y.; Nagakane, M.; Nishioka, T.; Ohnishi, K.; Oyokawa, H.; Rattenbury, N. J.; Saito, To.; Sharan, A.; Sullivan, D. J.; Suzuki, D.; Tristram, P. J.; Yonehara, A.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Burgdorf, M. J.; Ciceri, S.; D'Ago, G.; Evans, D. F.; Hinse, T. C.; Kains, N.; Kerins, E.; Korhonen, H.; Mancini, L.; Popovas, A.; Rabus, M.; Rahvar, S.; Scarpetta, G.; Skottfelt, J.; Southworth, J.; Peixinho, N.; Verma, P.; Sbarufatti, B.; Kennea, J. A.; Gehrels, N.
    Simultaneous observations of microlensing events from multiple locations allow for the breaking of degeneracies between the physical properties of the lensing system, specifically by exploring different regions of the lens plane and by directly measuring the "microlens parallax." We report the discovery of a 30-65M(J) brown dwarf orbiting a K dwarf in the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1319. The system is located at a distance of similar to 5 kpc toward the Galactic Bulge. The event was observed by several ground-based groups as well as by Spitzer and Swift, allowing a measurement of the physical properties. However, the event is still subject to an eight-fold degeneracy, in particular the well-known close-wide degeneracy, and thus the projected separation between the two lens components is either similar to 0.25 au or similar to 45 au. This is the first microlensing event observed by Swift, with the UVOT camera. We study the region of microlensing parameter space to which Swift is sensitive, finding that though Swift could not measure the microlens parallax with respect to ground-based observations for this event, it can be important for other events. Specifically, it is important for detecting nearby brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in high magnification events.