Browsing by Author "Arroyo, Pablo"

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    Functional Link Between Adenosine and Insulin: A Hypothesis for Fetoplacental Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes
    (BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2011) Guzman Gutierrez, Enrique; Abarzua, Fernando; Belmar, Cristian; Nien, Jyh K.; Ramirez, Marco A.; Arroyo, Pablo; Salomon, Carlos; Westermeier, Francisco; Puebla, Carlos; Leiva, Andrea; Casanello, Paola; Sobrevia, Luis
    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a syndrome compromising the health of the mother and the fetus. Endothelial damage and reduced metabolism of the vasodilator adenosine occur and fetal hyperinsulinemia associated with deficient insulin response and a metabolic rather than mitogenic phenotype is characteristic of this pathology. These phenomena lead to endothelial dysfunction of the fetoplacental unit. Major databases were searched for the relevant literature in the field. Special attention was placed on publications related with diabetes and hormone/metabolic disorders. We aimed to summarize the information regarding insulin sensitivity changes in GDM and the role of adenosine in this phenomenon. Evidence supporting the possibility that fetal endothelial dysfunction involves a functional link between adenosine and insulin signaling in the fetal endothelium from GDM pregnancies is summarized. Since insulin acts via membrane receptors type A (preferentially associated with mitogenic responses) or type B (preferentially associated with metabolic responses), a differential activation of these receptors in this syndrome is proposed.
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    Gestational Diabetes Reduces Adenosine Transport in Human Placental Microvascular Endothelium, an Effect Reversed by Insulin
    (PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2012) Salomon, Carlos; Westermeier, Francisco; Puebla, Carlos; Arroyo, Pablo; Guzman Gutierrez, Enrique; Pardo, Fabian; Leiva, Andrea; Casanello, Paola; Sobrevia, Luis
    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) courses with increased fetal plasma adenosine concentration and reduced adenosine transport in placental macrovascular endothelium. Since insulin modulates human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs) expression/activity, we hypothesize that GDM will alter hENT2-mediated transport in human placental microvascular endothelium (hPMEC), and that insulin will restore GDM to a normal phenotype involving insulin receptors A (IR-A) and B (IR-B). GDM effect on hENTs expression and transport activity, and IR-A/IR-B expression and associated cell signalling cascades (p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p42/44(mapk)) and Akt) role in hPMEC primary cultures was assayed. GDM associates with elevated umbilical whole and vein, but not arteries blood adenosine, and reduced hENTs adenosine transport and expression. IR-A/IR-B mRNA expression and p42/44(mapk)/Akt ratios ('metabolic phenotype') were lower in GDM. Insulin reversed GDM-reduced hENT2 expression/activity, IR-A/IR-B mRNA expression and p42/44(mapk)/Akt ratios to normal pregnancies ('mitogenic phenotype'). It is suggested that insulin effects required IR-A and IR-B expression leading to differential modulation of signalling pathways restoring GDM-metabolic to a normal-mitogenic like phenotype. Insulin could be acting as protecting factor for placental microvascular endothelial dysfunction in GDM.
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    Insulin requires normal expression and signaling of insulin receptor A to reverse gestational diabetes-reduced adenosine transport in human umbilical vein endothelium
    (2015) Westermeier, Francisco; Salomón, Carlos; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Arroyo, Pablo; Fuenzalida Saavedra, Bárbara; Sáez, Tamara; Salsoso Rodríguez, M. Rocío; Sanhueza, Carlos; Guzmán-Gutierrez, Enrique; Pardo, Fabián; Leiva Mendoza, Andrea Alejandra; Sobrevía Luarte, Luis Alberto
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    Reduced L-Carnitine Transport in Aortic Endothelial Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    (2014) Salsoso Rodríguez, M. Rocío; Guzmán Gutiérrez, Enrique; Arroyo, Pablo; Salomón, Carlos; Zambrano, Sonia; Ruiz-Armenta, María Victoria; Blanca, Antonio Jesús; Pardo, Fabián; Leiva Mendoza, Andrea Alejandra; Mate, Alfonso; Sobrevía Luarte, Luis Alberto; Vázquez, Carmen María
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    Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
    (2014) Guzmán Gutiérrez, Enrique; Arroyo, Pablo; Salsoso Rodríguez, M. Rocío; Fuenzalida Saavedra, Bárbara; Sáez, Tamara; Leiva Mendoza, Andrea Alejandra; Pardo, Fabián; Sobrevía Luarte, Luis Alberto