Browsing by Author "Arroyo, Orlando"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Performance-Based Evaluation of a Seismic Design Method for Reinforced Concrete Frames
    (2018) Arroyo, Orlando; Liel, Abbie; Gutiérrez Cid, Sergio
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of Material Epistemic Uncertainty on the Seismic Response of RC Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings and Their Nonstructural Components
    (2025) Novoa, Daniela; Arroyo, Orlando; Obando, Juan C.; López-García González, Diego; Carrillo, Julian
    Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames (RCMRFs) are widely used in seismic hazard regions, but recent events have highlighted the significant impact of Nonstructural Components (NSCs) on repair costs. NSC behavior has become an active area of research, yet epistemic uncertainty stemming from material variability is often overlooked. This study explores the effects of epistemic uncertainty on RCMRFs and NSCs using Monte Carlo simulations in OpenSeesPy. Results show that concrete strength affects slight-moderate damage probabilities, while steel yielding stress impacts severe-collapse probabilities. Epistemic uncertainty introduces multi-modal behavior in the distribution of maximum acceleration of NSC, highlighting its relevance for performance assessment.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of Material Epistemic Uncertainty on the Seismic Response of RC Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings and Their Nonstructural Components
    (2025) Novoa, Daniela; Arroyo, Orlando; Obando, Juan C.; López-García González, Diego; Carrillo, Julian
    Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames (RCMRFs) are widely used in seismic hazard regions, but recent events have highlighted the significant impact of Nonstructural Components (NSCs) on repair costs. NSC behavior has become an active area of research, yet epistemic uncertainty stemming from material variability is often overlooked. This study explores the effects of epistemic uncertainty on RCMRFs and NSCs using Monte Carlo simulations in OpenSeesPy. Results show that concrete strength affects slight-moderate damage probabilities, while steel yielding stress impacts severe-collapse probabilities. Epistemic uncertainty introduces multi-modal behavior in the distribution of maximum acceleration of NSC, highlighting its relevance for performance assessment.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Influence of the Inelastic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings on the Inelastic Displacement and Acceleration Ratios of Nonstructural Elements
    (2025) Obando, Juan C.; Novoa, Daniela; Arroyo, Orlando; López-García González, Diego; Carrillo, Julian
    Damage to Nonstructural Elements (NEs) observed during recent major earthquakes indicates that the seismic design of NEs can significantly affect the overall seismic performance of buildings. NEs are subjected to floor accelerations that are usually higher than ground accelerations, resulting in an increased likelihood of inelastic deformations at their anchorages or support elements. However, the inelastic response of NEs has not been comprehensively analyzed. This research evaluates the influence of the inelastic behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings (RCFBs) on the Inelastic Displacement Ratios (IDRs) and Inelastic Acceleration Ratios (IARs) of acceleration sensitive NEs, IDRs and IARs being important parameters to characterize the inelastic response of NEs. For this purpose, three RCFBs located in Colombia were subjected to scaled ground motions representing different levels of seismic intensity. The findings of this research are: a) as buildings enter the inelastic range, the IDRs show a reduced oscillation amplitude, and the local minima of the IDRs occur at the effective modal periods of the building rather than at the modal periods; b) existing prediction equations for IDRs provide good estimates for low seismic intensities (i.e. essentially elastic building response) and reasonable estimates for higher seismic intensities; c) the characteristic period of the IARs remains relatively insensitive to seismic intensity levels; and d) prediction equations for IARs provide accurate results regardless of seismic intensity levels, especially when the NE damping ratio is relatively low.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Influence of the Inelastic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings on the Inelastic Displacement and Acceleration Ratios of Nonstructural Elements
    (Elsevier, 2025) Obando, Juan C.; Novoa, Daniela; Arroyo, Orlando; López-García González, Diego; Carrillo, Julian
    Damage to Nonstructural Elements (NEs) observed during recent major earthquakes indicates that the seismic design of NEs can significantly affect the overall seismic performance of buildings. NEs are subjected to floor accelerations that are usually higher than ground accelerations, resulting in an increased likelihood of inelastic deformations at their anchorages or support elements. However, the inelastic response of NEs has not been comprehensively analyzed. This research evaluates the influence of the inelastic behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings (RCFBs) on the Inelastic Displacement Ratios (IDRs) and Inelastic Acceleration Ratios (IARs) of acceleration sensitive NEs, IDRs and IARs being important parameters to characterize the inelastic response of NEs. For this purpose, three RCFBs located in Colombia were subjected to scaled ground motions representing different levels of seismic intensity. The findings of this research are: a) as buildings enter the inelastic range, the IDRs show a reduced oscillation amplitude, and the local minima of the IDRs occur at the effective modal periods of the building rather than at the modal periods; b) existing prediction equations for IDRs provide good estimates for low seismic intensities (i.e. essentially elastic building response) and reasonable estimates for higher seismic intensities; c) the characteristic period of the IARs remains relatively insensitive to seismic intensity levels; and d) prediction equations for IARs provide accurate results regardless of seismic intensity levels, especially when the NE damping ratio is relatively low.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Performance based assessment of reinforced concrete frames designed using eigenfrequency optimization
    (2017) Arroyo, Orlando; Liel, Abbie; Gutierrez Cid, Sergio Enrique
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Practitioner-friendly design method to improve the seismic performance of RC frame buildings
    (2021) Arroyo, Orlando; Liel, Abbie; Gutierrez Cid, Sergio Enrique
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Seismic performance of mid-rise thin concrete wall buildings lightly reinforced with deformed bars or welded wire mesh
    (2021) Arroyo, Orlando; Feliciano, Dirsa; Carrillo, Julian; Hube, Matias A.
    The increasing demand of housing in urban areas in Latin America has driven the construction of a significant number of buildings using reinforced concrete (RC) walls with thickness equal or lower than 100 mm, with a single layer of reinforcement provided by a welded-wire mesh (WWM) or by deformed bars (DB). Several concerns related to the lack of ductility, scarce evidence on its behavior during earthquakes, and the lack of clarity of design guidelines in earthquake-resistant codes for this structural system have risen in recent years. This research aims at providing evidence on the seismic risk of thin concrete wall buildings reinforced with two types of reinforcement. A six-story building, constructed in Bogot ' a, Colombia with walls having 100 mm thickness and detailed with WWM is used as case study. After gathering relevant information from the building structural drawings, a nonlinear model was created in OpenSees using the shear-flexure interaction multiple vertical line element (SFI-MVLEM). To evaluate the effect of steel ductility, a second benchmark model of the studied building was created using deformed bars (DB) as reinforcement. Incremental dynamic analyses were conducted on the models using the far field ground motion suite provided by the FEMA P-695 and a set ground motions for subduction zones, which served as input for the development of fragility functions for the building. The results show that the fracture of reinforcing steel is a frequent failure mode of the building reinforced with WWM, whereas the failure of the building reinforced with DB was controlled by the drift limit of the walls. The findings also show that probabilities of failure for the ground motions scaled to the maximum credible earthquake are 41% and 25% for the building reinforced with WWM and DB, respectively. These large probabilities suggest that the use of thin RC walls for mid-rise buildings should be limited in seismic prone areas, especially those detailed with WWM.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Seismic response of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components in a Thin Lightly-Reinforced Concrete Wall (TLRCW) mid-rise building
    (2022) Obando, Juan Carlos; Arroyo, Orlando; Lopez-Garcia, Diego; Carrillo, Julian
    Experience in recent earthquakes has shown that Non-Structural Components (NSCs) in multi-story buildings exert a significant influence on economic losses. Different topics about the seismic behavior of NSCs have been investigated; however more research is needed in several areas such as the type of building structural system and the type of seismic hazard. Motivated by this observation, floor accelerations in a novel structural system, namely the Thin and Lightly-Reinforced Concrete Wall (TLRCW) building, are examined in this paper. The TLRCW system comprises thin and slender walls with deficient or nonexistent confinement at the wall edges, and web reinforcements made of welded-wire mesh with limited ductility. In this study, seismic demands on NSCs in a TLRCW building are analytically calculated and compared with current characterizations included in earthquake-resistant building codes and presented in the literature. Comparisons are performed in terms of peak floor accelerations, floor spectra, inelastic displacement ratios, and the still not completely characterized in-elastic absolute acceleration ratios. Influence of elastic and inelastic behavior of NSCs as well as of the structure is also evaluated. Since the TLRCW system is becoming common in some South American countries prone (in part or wholly) to subduction earthquakes, possible influence of the type of seismic hazard (i.e., crustal earthquakes or subduction earthquakes) is accounted for. It was found that, under design-level seismic demands, floor ac-celerations can be very large even though the structure undergoes a significant level of inelastic excursion. It was also found that floor accelerations are, for the most part, reasonably approximated by current characterizations. Finally, the type of seismic hazard has a negligible qualitative influence on floor accelerations (only minor quantitative differences were found).
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Seismic risk scenarios for the residential buildings in the Sabana Centro province in Colombia
    (2023) Feliciano, Dirsa; Arroyo, Orlando; Cabrera, Tamara; Contreras, Diana; Torres, Jairo Andres Valcarcel; Zapata, Juan Camilo Gomez
    Colombia is in one of the most active seismic zones onEarth, where the Nazca, Caribbean, and South American plates converge.Approximately 83 % of the national population lives in intermediate tohigh seismic hazard zones, and a significant part of the country's buildinginventory dates from before the nation's first seismic design code (1984).At present, seismic risk scenarios are available for the major cities of the country, but there is still a need to undertake such studies in otherregions. This paper presents a seismic risk scenario for the SabanaCentro province, an intermediate hazard zone located close to thecountry's capital. An exposure model was created combining information fromthe Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation, surveys, and the nationalcensus. Fragility and vulnerability curves were assigned to the buildingtypes of the region. A hazard model was developed for the region and18 earthquake scenarios with a return period of 475 years weresimulated using the OpenQuake (OQ) hazard and risk assessment tool toestimate damage and economic losses. In addition, a social vulnerabilityindex (SVI) based on demographic information was used to assess the directeconomic loss in terms of replacement costs. The results show that 10 % of all buildings considered in the region would experience collapse, and 7 % would suffer severe damage. Losses account for 14 % of the total replacement cost of the buildings and represent 21 % of the annual gross domestic product (GDP) of the region.