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Browsing by Author "Arnaiz, Pilar"

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Adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in children
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2010) Arnaiz, Pilar; Acevedo, Monica; Barja, Salesa; Aglony, Marlene; Guzman, Beatriz; Cassis, Berta; Carvajal, Jacqueline; Moreno, Manuel; Navarrete, Carlos; Berrios, Ximena
Background: Low levels of adiponectin have been associated with metabolic risk factors (RF) and cardiac disease. Minimal data is available about the relationship between adiponectin and subclinical atherosclerosis. Objectives: To determine the relationship of adiponectin to cardiometabolic RF, C-reactive protein (CRP), anthropometric parameters of obesity, and subclinical atherosclerosis in children.
Association of carotid intima media thickness with blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in children
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Arnaiz, Pilar; Villarroel, Luis; Barja, Salesa; Godoy, Ivan; Cassis, Berta; Dominguez, Angelica; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo; Carvajal, Jacqueline; Cristina Tinoco, Ana; Mardones, Francisco
Background: Cardiovascular risk factors must be controlled since childhood. Aim: To assess the association of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) with the components of the metabolic syndrome in Children. Material and Methods: Cross sectional assessment of 299 children aged 11.5 +/- 0.9 years (58% women) with and without metabolic syndrome components. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and a blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose and lipids. CIMT was measured using high resolution ultrasound. Results: Ninety three percent of children were post puberal, 64% were overweight and 25% had metabolic syndrome. Mean and maximum CIMT correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.21 and 0.21 respectively p < 0.01). Children with a CIMT over the 75th percentile had higher blood pressure and lower HDL cholesterol. A stepwise logistic regression accepted both variables as predictors of CIMT with odds ratios for mean CIMT of 1.46 (1.19-1-79) and 0.81 (0.7-0.94) per five units of change, respectively. Conclusions: In this group of children systolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol are associated to CIMT. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1268-1275).
Association of perinatal factors and obesity in 6-to 8-year-old Chilean children
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2008) Mardones, Francisco; Villarroel, Luis; Karzulovic, Lorena; Barja, Salesa; Arnaiz, Pilar; Taibo, Marcela; Mardones Restat, Francisco
Background It has been reported in Chile that obesity figures in children of 6- to 8-years-old are associated with height for age. We studied the possible influence of perinatal variables on obesity at 6- to 8-years-old controlling for height for age.
Ateroesclerosis subclinica y sindrome metabolic en ninos
(AULA MEDICA EDICIONES, 2013) Arnaiz, Pilar; Barjal, Salesa; Villarroel, Luis; Dominguez, Angelica; Godoy, Ivan; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo; Mardones, Francisco
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has been associated to subclinical atherosclerosis as estimated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
Cardiometabolic risk in children with severe obesity
(2022) Lopez Lucas, Maria Jose; Barja, Salesa; Villarroel del Pino, Luis; Arnaiz, Pilar; Mardones, Francisco
Introduction: severe obesity has had a greater increase than non-severe obesity in Chilean schoolchildren during the last years. We do not know whether the cut-off point currently used to define severe obesity in children (BMI >= + 3 DE, WHO-2007 curves) is associated with a greater biological risk in our population.
Cardiovascular risk factors among young subjects with high carotid intima media thickness
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2011) Acevedo, Monica; Kraemer, Veronica; Tagle, Rodrigo; Arnaiz, Pilar; Corbalan, Ramon; Berrios, Ximena; Navarrete, Carlos
Background: Cardiovascular risk factor (RF) assessment is essential to prevent and predict cardiovascular disease. The presence of RF at early ages, are determinant for the presence of atherosclerosis later in life. Aim: To determine the RF profile of young subjects with high carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Material and Methods: We studied 689 subjects (50% women, mean age 36 6 years) from Santiago, Chile. We determined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, blood glucose and C-reactive protein. CIMT was assessed by ultrasound using an automatic border recognition software. Results: Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and serum lipids were significantly higher among subjects located in the higher CIMT quartile. Also, subjects in the higher quartile of CIMT had a higher prevalence of three or more RF compared with the lower quartile (p = 0.01). Finally, individuals with three or more RF showed three times more risk of being in the higher CIMT quartile, than subjects with no RF (odds ratio = 3.1, p < 0.01). Conclusions: There is a negative influence of cardiovascular RF on CIMT among young subjects. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 1322-1329).
High sensitivity C-reactive protein and endothelial function in Chilean patients with history of Kawasaki disease
(2008) Borzutzky, Arturo; Gutierrez, Miguel; Talesnik, Eduardo; Godoy, Ivan; Kraus, Jonathan; Hoyos, Rodrigo; Arnaiz, Pilar; Acevedo, Monica
Kawasaki disease (KD) produces endothelial inflammation, which may lead to dilatation and aneurysms of coronary and peripheral arteries. Previous studies have suggested that these patients can present endothelial dysfunction that can predispose to coronary vascular events late after KD. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk profile and endothelial function of Chilean children with history of KD. In a prospective case-control study, 11 patients with history of KD (age 10.6 +/- 2.0 years, interval from initial episode 8.1 +/- 3.6 years) and 11 healthy, age-, gender-, and BMI z score-matched controls were evaluated with blood pressure (BP), a fasting lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). One KD patient (9.1%) had persistent coronary aneurysms. There was a significant difference of mean and log-transformed concentrations of hsCRP between case and control groups (2.3 +/- 3.0 vs 0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/l, P=0.045). None of the patients with elevated hsCRP had persistent coronary arterial lesions. No difference was found in systolic BP z score between the case and control groups. Diastolic BP z score was significantly higher in cases than controls (P=0.039). There were no significant differences of FMD between cases and controls. Mean fasting total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides in cases were normal, with no significant difference vs controls. This study shows that Chilean children with history of KD have increased levels of hsCRP, possibly reflecting persistent low-grade inflammation. The prognostic value of hsCRP in KD patients deserves further investigation.
Hipertensión arterial: el factor de riesgo más importante para grosor íntima-media carotídeo elevado y placa carotídea en adultos de Santiago
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2011) Acevedo, Monica; Tagle, Rodrigo; Kramer, Veronica; Arnaiz, Pilar; Marin, Arnaldo; Pino, Felipe; Godoy, Ivan; Berrios, Ximena; Navarrete, Carlos
Background: Carotid Ultima media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of cardiovascular damage that can be modified by traditional risk factors. Aim: To determine attributable risk factors for a high CIMT among healthy adults. Material and Methods: A sample of 1270 individuals (636 males and 634 females) aged 44 +/- 11 years, was studied. Blood pressure, weight, height, lipid profile and blood glucose were measured in all. CIMT and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques were determined by carotid ultrasound. Standard criteria were used to define hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Results: Mean CIMT in the sample studied was 0.62 +/- 0.01 mm and percentile 75 was 0.67. The most important risk factor for a CIMT over percentile 75 and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques was hypertension with attributable risks of 54 and 57%, respectively. Conclusions: In this sample, the main risk factor for a high CIMT was hypertension. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 290-297).
Normal plasma insulin and HOMA values among chilean children and adolescents
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2011) Barja, Salesa; Arnaiz, Pilar; Dominguez, Angelica; Villarroel, Luis; Cassis, Berta; Castillo, Oscar; Salomo, Gianina; Farias, Marcelo; Goycoolea, Manuela; Quiroga, Teresa; Mardones, Francisco
Background: Plasma insulin and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index, used to determine insulin resistance, do not have local standard values for children and adolescents in Chile. Aim: To establish the normal reference intervals for insulin and HOMA in children and adolescents aged 10-15 years, according to sex and puberal maturation. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,153 children and adolescents from Puente Alto County was performed, during 2009 and 2010. Anthropoinetry and self-report of puberal maturation were assessed. Fasting glucose (hexoquinase) and insulin blood levels (chemiluminiscence), were determined and HOMA index was calculated. Percentile distributions of these variables were calculated. Results: The reference group included only subjects with normal body mass index and fasting blood glucose (n = 1,192). Girls had higher insulin and HOMA values than boys (12.5 +/- 6.0 and 9.1 +/- 4.9 mu U/mL (p <0.01) and 2.7 +/- 1.4 and 2.1 +/- 1,1 (p <0.01), respectively). Subjects with Tanner land II puberal stages had lower insulin and HOMA mean values than subjects with Tanner III and IV (9.0 +/- 4.3 and 12.5 +/- 6.2 mu U/ml (p < 0.01) and 2.0 +/- 1 and 2.8 +/- 1.4 (p <0.01), respectively). Conclusions: The 90th percentile of insulin and HOMA distributions according to sex and maturation, was selected as the upper cut-off point to identify individuals with insulin resistance. HOMA cutoff point for Tanner I and II boys was 3.2, for Tanner land II girls was 4.1, for Tanner III and IV boys was 4.2 and for Tanner III and IV girls was 5.0. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 1435-1443).
NUTRITIONAL STATUS, METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN FROM SANTIAGO (CHILE)
(ARAN EDICIONES, S L, 2013) Mardones, Francisco; Arnaiz, Pilar; Barja, Salesa; Giadach, Carolina; Villarroel, Luis; Dominguez, Angelica; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo
Background: The origin of most non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is in early life. Consequently obtaining information on risk factors for NCDs is important for preventive purposes. However, there is no information available on the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Chilean children.
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio and non HDL cholesterol as predictors for increased intima media thickness
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Acevedo, Monica; Kraemer, Veronica; Tagle, Rodrigo; Corbalan, Ramon; Arnaiz, Pilar; Berrios, Ximena; Navarrete, Carlos
Background: LDL, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, are the most commonly used lipid cardiovascular risk predictor indicators. However population based studies have shown that non-HDL cholesterol and total/HDL cholesterol ratio are better predictors, are easy to measure and do not require fasting. Aim: To determine which lipid indicators are better determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by intima media thickness (IMT) among subjects without demonstrated atherosclerosis. Material and Methods: Lipid profile, height, weight, blood pressure and bilateral IMT measured by ultrasound with automatic border recognition software, were assessed in 770 men and 854 women aged 45 +/- 11 years, in Santiago de Chile. Results: Mean total cholesterol was 202, HDL 50, LDL 121, triglycerides 157 and non-HDL cholesterol 152 mg/dl. Total/HDL cholesterol ratio was 4.3. Mean IMT was 0.62 mm. All lipid markers were significantly correlated with IMT This correlation was higher for non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.24, p < 0.0001) and total/HDL cholesterol ratio(r = 0.23, p < 0.0001). In both men and women, total/HDL cholesterol ratio was the best predictor of having an IMT over the 75th percentile (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence intervals 1.09-1.35, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Total/HDL cholesterol ratio was the best determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 969-976).

Browsing by Author "Arnaiz, Pilar"

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