Browsing by Author "Araya, Alejandra-Ximena"

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    Cuidados domiciliarios para personas mayores dependientes: una revisión de alcance
    (2023) Iriarte, Evelyn; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena
    INTRODUCCIÓN: Existe escasa evidencia que indague en los aspectos psicosociales del cuidado, considerando la perspectiva de quienes cuidan a personas mayores (PM) dependientes para diseñar intervenciones idóneas para los cuidadores informales y las PM. OBJETIVO: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible en torno a los cuidados domiciliarios disponibles para PM dependientes con un fuerte énfasis en los cuidadores informales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años (enero 2012 hasta enero 2022) en dos bases de datos revisadas por pares. Se identificaron un total de 116 artículos y 42 artículos fueron revisados. RESULTADOS: Los resultados identificados fueron agrupados en: (1) factores que influyen en la sobrecarga o calidad de vida del cuidador, (2) necesidades de cuidado en la diada, (3) intervenciones o recomendaciones de cuidados para la diada, (4) uso de redes de apoyo al cuidado (informal y formal). CONCLUSIONES: Las implicancias para la práctica clínica de esta revisión implican profundizar en las necesidades sentidas de los cuidadores y conexión con la red de estatal y territorial. Lo anterior impacta directamente en los factores que influyen en la percepción de sobrecarga del cuidador, así como también en su calidad de vida. Investigar el rol del cuidador a través de la generación de evidencia robusta es aún una tarea pendiente.
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    Develando la experiencia de un grupo de personas mayores en un centro de día
    (2017) Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Herrera, M. Soledad; Rubio Acuña, Miriam
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    Evaluación de la calidad de vida de personas mayores participantes de un centro diurno
    (Spanish Publishers Associate, 2022) Iriarte Parra, Evelyn; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Miranda, Claudia
    Objetivos: Evaluar los cambios en la calidad de vida de un grupo de personas mayores participantes de un centro de adultos mayores en Santiago, Chile. Metodología: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo con 2 aplicaciones, una al ingreso y otra al término de la participación en un centro de adultos mayores con 35 personas mayores de 60 años. La calidad de vida se midió con el instrumento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en su versión abreviada. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y el test de la t de Student. Resultados: Al alta, la calidad de vida mostró un aumento significativo (p < 0,05), es decir, las personas mayores reportan mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida después de haber participado en las intervenciones que tiene el centro de adultos mayores. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida se debe considerar una medida clave para evaluar los resultados de las intervenciones realizadas en los centros de adultos mayores.
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    Factors Related to Multidimensional Frailty Among Hispanic People Living With HIV Aged 50 Years and Above: A Cross-sectional Study
    (2023) Iriarte, Evelyn; Cianelli, Rosina; De Santis, Joseph P.; Alamian, Arsham; Castro, Jose Guillermo; Matsuda, Yui; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena
    Among Hispanics, frailty has been extensively studied as a physical syndrome associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes. Because of additional barriers to accessing care, the impact of frailty may be even more significant for people living with HIV (PLWH). Multidimensional frailty among Hispanic PLWH has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the factors related to multidimensional frailty among Hispanic PLWH aged 50 years and above. A cross-sectional design with 120 participants was used. Hypothesized factors related to multidimensional frailty were sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Multidimensional frailty was measured with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. We found that 45.83% of the participants were frail (n = 55), and multidimensional frailty was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms (b = .26, p < .001) and a higher number of comorbidities (b = .71, p < .001). This study identified factors that clinicians should be aware of when caring for Hispanic PLWH to prevent or manage frailty-related complications.
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    Factors Related to the Need for Informal Care Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Chile
    (2024) Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Iriarte, Evelyn; De Oliveira, Giovanna; Baeza, Maria Jose; Jankowski, Catherine
    PURPOSE: To identify factors contributing to the need for informal care among community -dwelling older adults with functional impairment in Chile. METHOD: A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from 540 Chilean older adults aged >= 60 years (mean age = 72.2 years, SD = 6.22 years). RESULTS: Informal care need was reported by 24.3% (n = 131) of participants. Among the variables that most influenced the need for informal care among older adults were hospitalization in the past 1 year, functionality, comorbidities, and multidimensional frailty (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study identified factors that clinicians and nurses should be aware of when caring for this population to prevent or manage the need for informal care.
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    Fear of Falling among Community-dwelling Sedentary and Active Older People
    (2021) Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Iriarte, Evelyn
    Objective. The study sought to compare communitydwelling older people with respect to their level of physical activity and to the fear of falls between a group of sedentary elderly and a group of active elderly. Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with 113 community-dwelling older people (45 sedentary and 48 active), users of an outpatient care center of the private health system with a geriatric program in Santiago, Chile. The study measured socio-demographic variables, state of health, comprehensive geriatric assessment, exercise, depression with the Yesavage scale, and fear of falling with the Short Falls Efficacy Scale - International (Short FES-I). Results. Sedentary older people have significantly higher scores in the Yesavage depression scale compared with active older people (4.2 versus 0.8). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing both groups of sedentary and active participants in terms of socio-demographic variables along with health, and functional and cognitive capacity. Regarding the fear of falling, the sedentary had a slightly higher score than the active (12 versus 11), although not significant. Conclusion. This study showed that fear of falling was equal in sedentary and active older people who live in the community, although it was found that sedentary individuals had a higher risk of having a positive screening for geriatric depression in those participants who do not perform physical activity.
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    Internet use by informal caregivers in Chile: An analysis including age and gender perspectives
    (2023) Rosell, Javiera; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Miranda-Castillo, Claudia
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    Multidimensional frailty, quality of life and self-management in aging Hispanics living with HIV
    (2024) Iriarte, Evelyn; Cianelli, Rosina; De Santis, Joseph P.; Alamian, Arsham; Castro, Jose G.; Matsuda, Yui; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena
    An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to examine multidimensional frailty and its potential impact on quality of life (QOL) in aging Hispanic people living with HIV (PLWH) and assess the extent to which HIV self-management moderates this association. The sample included 120 Hispanic PLWH aged 50 years and older (M = 59.11; SD = 7.04). The structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that multidimensional frailty was significantly related to QOL in its two dimensions, physical and mental (p < .001). The relationship between multidimensional frailty and mental and physical QOL remained significant even after controlling for confounders (age and gender). The moderator analyses indicated no statistically significant moderator effect of HIV self-management on multidimensional frailty and mental or physical QOL. These study results have practical implications that highlight the need for early screening for frailty with a multidimensional focus. Age-appropriate and culturally tailored interventions to prevent or mitigate multidimensional frailty may improve QOL.
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    Providing Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of Formal Caregivers in Long-Term Care Facilities in Chile
    (2023) Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Palacios, Josefa; Oyanedel, Francisca; Iriarte, Evelyn
    The current study aimed to identify the main challenges to formal caregivers from different long-term care facilities (LTCFs) that care for older adults (aged >= 60 years) in Chile during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Chile's national LTCF gov-erning body (SENAMA) sent a survey to 1,190 LTCFs, receiving 996 responses. LTCF characteristics were number of residents, certification with SENAMA, licensure, geographic zone, and poverty level. Four dimensions were assessed: (a) concerns, (b) challenges, (c) needs, and (d) opportunities for improvement. The majority of respondents replied negatively to these four dimensions. Among those who re-sponded positively, the fear of infecting a loved one, staff shortages and overwork, the need for access to psychological support, and improving payments were among formal caregivers' primary concerns. Targeting supportive interventions for formal caregivers, clinically and psychologically, is essential to preserve caregivers' health. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(5), 39-44.]
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    Reconocimiento de la fragilidad en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad: un desafío pendiente
    (2019) Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Iriarte Parra, Evelyn; Padilla Pérez, Oslando