Browsing by Author "Andrew, Samuel C."

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    A Framework for Modelling Thermal Load Sensitivity Across Life
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2025) Arnold, Pieter A.; Noble, Daniel W. A.; Nicotra, Adrienne B.; Kearney, Michael R.; Rezende Landaeta, Enrico; Andrew, Samuel C.; Briceño, Verónica F.; Buckley, Lauren B.; Christian, Keith A.; Clusella‐Trullas, Susana; Geange, Sonya R.; Guja, Lydia K.; Jiménez Robles, Octavio; Kefford, Ben J.; Kellermann, Vanessa; Leigh, Andrea; Marchin, Renée M.; Mokany, Karel; Bennett, Joanne M.
    Forecasts of vulnerability to climate warming require an integrative understanding of how species are exposed to, are damaged by, and recover from thermal stress in natural environments. The sensitivity of species to temperature depends on the frequency, duration, and magnitude of thermal stress. Thus, there is a generally recognized need to move beyond physiological metrics based solely on critical thermal limits and integrate them with natural heat exposure regimes. Here we propose the thermal load sensitivity (TLS) framework, which integrates biophysical principles for quantifying exposure with physiological principles of the dynamics of damage and repair processes in driving sublethal impacts on organisms. Building upon the established thermal death time (TDT) model, which integrates both the magnitude and duration of stress, the TLS framework attempts to disentangle the accumulation of damage and subsequent repair processes that alter responses to thermal stress. With the aid of case studies and reproducible simulation examples, we discuss how the TLS framework can be applied to enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of heat stress responses. These include assessing thermal sensitivity across diverse taxonomic groups, throughout ontogeny, and for modular organisms, as well as integrating additional stressors in combination with temperature. We identify critical research opportunities, knowledge gaps, and novel ways of integrating physiological measures of thermal sensitivity to improve understanding and predictions of thermal vulnerability at various scales across life.
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    Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water
    (2021) Jung, Martin; Arnell, Andy; de Lamo, Xavier; Garcia-Rangel, Shaenandhoa; Lewis, Matthew; Mark, Jennifer; Merow, Cory; Miles, Lera; Ondo, Ian; Pironon, Samuel; Ravilious, Corinna; Rivers, Malin; Schepashenko, Dmitry; Tallowin, Oliver; van Soesbergen, Arnout; Govaerts, Rafael; Boyle, Bradley L.; Enquist, Brian J.; Feng, Xiao; Gallagher, Rachael, V; Maitner, Brian; Meiri, Shai; Mulligan, Mark; Ofer, Gali; Roll, Uri; Hanson, Jeffrey O.; Jetz, Walter; Di Marco, Moreno; McGowan, Jennifer; Rinnan, D. Scott; Sachs, Jeffrey D.; Lesiv, Myroslava; Adams, Vanessa; Andrew, Samuel C.; Burger, Joseph R.; Hannah, Lee; Marquet, Pablo A.; McCarthy, James K.; Morueta-Holme, Naia; Newman, Erica A.; Park, Daniel S.; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Violle, Cyrille; Wieringa, Jan J.; Wynne, Graham; Fritz, Steffen; Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.; Obersteiner, Michael; Kapos, Valerie; Burgess, Neil; Schmidt-Traub, Guido; Visconti, Piero
    To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple targets can be pursued concurrently. To support goal setting and the implementation of international strategies and action plans, spatial guidance is needed to identify which land areas have the potential to generate the greatest synergies between conserving biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Here we present results from a joint optimization that minimizes the number of threatened species, maximizes carbon retention and water quality regulation, and ranks terrestrial conservation priorities globally. We found that selecting the top-ranked 30% and 50% of terrestrial land area would conserve respectively 60.7% and 85.3% of the estimated total carbon stock and 66% and 89.8% of all clean water, in addition to meeting conservation targets for 57.9% and 79% of all species considered. Our data and prioritization further suggest that adequately conserving all species considered (vertebrates and plants) would require giving conservation attention to similar to 70% of the terrestrial land surface. If priority was given to biodiversity only, managing 30% of optimally located land area for conservation may be sufficient to meet conservation targets for 81.3% of the terrestrial plant and vertebrate species considered. Our results provide a global assessment of where land could be optimally managed for conservation. We discuss how such a spatial prioritization framework can support the implementation of the biodiversity and climate conventions.