Browsing by Author "Andrade, Claudia"

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    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Aymara children
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Carrasco, Ximena; Daiber, Francisca; Rothhammer, Paula; Huerta, Daniela; Andrade, Claudia; Opazo, Patricia; Paz Lagos, Liza; Rothhammer, Francisco; Aboitiz, Francisco
    Background: The assessment of Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among ethnic groups may reveal environmental or cultural variables that influence the appearance of this disorder. Aim: To assess the presence and characteristics of ADHD in two communities of the inland Arica valleys (Azapa and Lluta), where the Aymara population predominates. Material and Methods: Starting from a screening based on the Conner's test, we evaluated 79 children aged 8 to 13 years. Sixty children were of Aymara origin and 19 children were of non-Aymara origin. Twenty Aymara and 9 non-Aymara children had ADHD. They were compared with a group of patients from Santiago, Chile (110 children) that were previously assessed. Results: Patients from Azapa/Lluta displayed similar characteristics to those from Santiago. However the former had significantly less psychiatric comorbidities than the latter. On the other hand, the non-Aymara subgroup of Azapa/Lluta displayed an increased rate of comorbidities and was exclusively of the combined subtype, although their sample size is too small to draw strong conclusions. Conclusions: Although we cannot dismiss biological variables, the importance of family values and the respect to authorities may be protective factors for ADHD, associated to Aymara culture. Our findings suggest that the clinical characteristics of ADHD are not uniform among ethnic groups and cultures. The relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors in this variability remain to be determined. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1409-1416).
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    Holocene interactions between marine nomads and their coastal landscape in the Strait of Magellan, southern Patagonia: Ichthyoarchaeological and isotopic evidence
    (2024) Torres, Jimena; Gonzalez, Karina; Santana-Sagredo, Francisca; Andrade, Claudia; Roman, Manuel San; Harrod, Chris
    Marked environmental changes occurred in the southern Patagonian archipelago during the middle and late Holocene, including increased variability in glacial coverage and marine productivity. Those changes likely impacted the lives of marine hunter gatherers and their exploitation of faunal resources. Here, we examine temporal trends in fishes captured during the mid- and late Holocene, including variation in stable isotope values (delta 13C and delta 15N) of the most commonly exploited taxa to explore potential changes in fishing strategies due to environmental and cultural causes. We examined fish remains from eight archaeological sites and cultural periods in the Strait of Magellan. The ichthyoarchaeological results indicate drastic changes in the assemblages of fishes captured, with demersal species dominating catches before 2700 cal. yr BP and a subsequent switch to coastal fishes associated with subtidal kelp forests afterwards until 500 cal yr BP, both in the Strait of Magellan and adjacent seas. Although limited by sample sizes, our isotopic data show little obvious variation in Eleginops maclovinus over the different periods. However, Patagonotothen sp. and Salilota australis displayed significant isotopic shifts during the Holocene, but followed distinct, taxon-specific trajectories. This suggests that responses to the late Holocene environmental changes differed between species. This study also contributes to the baseline ecological information prior to the impact of modern industrial fishing practices with data from native fishes that are important components in kelp forests (Macrocystis pyrifera) ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic region.