Browsing by Author "Alvaro, Juan E."

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    A First Omics Data Integration Approach in Hass Avocados to Evaluate Rootstock-Scion Interactions: From Aerial and Root Plant Growth to Fruit Development
    (2024) Nunez-Lillo, Gerardo; Ponce, Excequel; Beyer, Clemens P.; Alvaro, Juan E.; Meneses, Claudio; Pedreschi, Romina
    Grafting, the careful selection of rootstocks and scions, has played a crucial role maintaining Chilean avocado fruit quality standards in a scenario in which climate change and drought-related issues have considerably decreased avocado fruit production in the last fifteen years. The historical use of seedling rootstocks in Chile has experienced a recent shift towards clonal rootstocks, driven by the potential to produce more consistent and predictable crops. This research aims to compare Hass avocado plants grafted on Mexicola seedling and Dusa (R) clonal rootstocks in a soilless and protected system using (i) a differential expression analysis of root and leaf samples and (ii) a fruit transcriptomic and metabolomic integration analysis to improve our understanding of rootstock-scion interaction and its impact on avocado tree performance and fruit quality. The results demonstrated that no significant transcriptomic and metabolomic differences were identified at fruit level in the ready-to-eat (RTE) stage for Hass avocado fruit from both rootstocks. However, Hass avocados grafted on the clonal rootstock showed greater aerial growth and slightly increased fruit size than the seedling rootstock due to the enrichment of cell wall-remodeling genes as revealed in leaves and fruit at harvest stage.
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    Analysis of Maillard reaction precursors and secondary metabolites in Chilean potatoes and neoformed contaminants during frying
    (2024) Garcia-Rios, Diego; Hernandez, Ignacia; Alvaro, Juan E.; Pedreschi, Franco; Campos, David; Behn, Anita; Pedreschi, Romina
    Southern Chile native potatoes are an interesting raw material to produce novel snacks like colored potato chips. These novel products should be comprehensively evaluated for the presence of undesirable compounds such as acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furan, the main neoformed contaminants in starchy rich fried foods. This study evaluated the neoformed contaminant levels and oil content on chips made from eleven Chilean potato accessions and compared them with commercial samples. The neoformed contaminant contents were related to Maillard reaction precursor levels (reducing sugars and asparagine) and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds and carotenoids). Neoformed contaminants correlated well among them and were weakly correlated with reducing sugars and asparagine. Acrylamide level in native potato chips ranged from 738.2 to 1998.6 mu g kg- 1 while from 592.6 to 2390.5 mu g kg- 1 in commercial samples. Thus, there is need to implement neoformed contaminant mitigation strategies at different steps of the production chain of colored potato chips.
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    Proteomics analysis reveals new insights into surface pitting of sweet cherry cultivars displaying contrasting susceptibility
    (2022) Nunez-Lillo, Gerardo; Ponce, Excequel; Alvaro, Juan E.; Campos, David; Meneses, Claudio; Campos-Vargas, Reinaldo; Carpentier, Sebastien; Fuentealba, Claudia; Pedreschi, Romina
    Surface pitting in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is characterised by depressions development on the skin surface. Pitting damage happens during harvest and postharvest handling and develops during cold storage. This study compared two cultivars with contrasting susceptibility to pitting (Kordia: tolerant; Sweetheart: susceptible) using a LC-MS/MS proteomic approach to identify key metabolic and signalling pathways related to this disorder during ripening and postharvest storage. The variability observed in the principal component analysis was driven by the cultivars suggesting that surface pitting susceptibility is triggered by the inherent differences between cultivars. Proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were more abundant in Kordia. Moreover, CCR (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) and FLS (flavonol synthase) proteins showed higher abundance in Sweetheart. An overexpression in enzymes related to the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene were found in Kordia. A higher abundance of sucrose synthase (SUS), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UDP-GT) and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP) were observed in Kordia, while a higher content of invertase (INV) was observed in Sweetheart. The overexpression of the studied pathways suggests that tolerance to surface pitting could be correlated to one or more of these factors, and susceptibility might be given by the inherent differences in the metabolic processes of each cultivar.