Browsing by Author "Abdon Cifuentes, Luis"

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    Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against cancer 1st edition: Environment, occupation, and cancer
    (2023) Blanco, Estela; Algranti, Eduardo; Abdon Cifuentes, Luis; Lopez-Carrillo, Lizbeth; Mora, Ana M.; Rodriguez-Guzman, Julietta; Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura; Veiga, Lene H. S.; Canelo-Aybar, Carlos; Nieto-Gutierrez, Wendy; Feliu, Ariadna; Espina, Carolina; Ferreccio, Catterina
    Within the framework of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, the current work presents recommendations to reduce exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogenic agents relevant for LAC. Using the methodology established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in the World Code Against Cancer Framework and experience from developing the European Code Against Cancer 4th edition, a working group of LAC cancer-prevention experts reviewed the list of Group I IARC carcinogenic agents, identified prevalent environmental and occupational exposures in the region, and proposed evidence-based cancer prevention recommendations suited to the epidemiological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions of LAC countries. Two sets of recommendations were drafted: those targeting the general public and a second set for policymakers. Outdoor and indoor air pollution, ultra-violet radiation and occupational exposures to silica dust, asbestos, benzene, diesel, and welding fumes were identified as prevalent carcinogens in LAC and as agents that could be reduced or eliminated to prevent cancers. Recommendations for additional risk factors were not included due to insufficient data of their attributable burden in LAC (sunbeds, radon, aflatoxin), or lack of a clear preventive action to be taken by the individual (arsenic in drinking water, medical radiation), or lack of evidence of carcinogenicity effect (bisphenol A, phthalates, and pesticides). A broad consensus was reached on environmental and occupational carcinogenic exposures present throughout the LAC region and on individual-level and public policy-level recommendations to reduce or eliminate these exposures. Key educational content for the dissemination of these recommendations was also developed as part of LAC Code Against Cancer 1st Edition.
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    Participant-focused analysis: explanatory power of the classic psychometric paradigm in risk perception
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2008) Bronfman, Nicolas C.; Abdon Cifuentes, Luis; Vaneza Gutierrez, Virna
    Typical psychometric paradigm factors appear to have greater explanatory power for individual participants than previously envisaged. It is possible to acquire interpretable information about single participants using two factors (catastrophic potential and social and personal exposure) from aggregated participant-focused data. Our results suggest that the classical psychometric model originated by Fischhoff and Slovic in the early 1980s to explain differences among hazards may also be capable of accounting for differences among participants. While socio-demographic conditions on their own do not have substantial explanatory power, they are statistically significant and appear to dictate the position of participants within the factor space obtained using a participant-focused analysis. One of the principal criticisms of the psychometric paradigm has been its lack of interpretability when using disaggregated data, but incorporating socio-demographic variables overcomes this limitation.
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    Valuing air quality impacts using stated choice analysis: Trading off visibility against morbidity effects
    (2014) Ignacio Rizzi, Luis; De La Maza, Cristobal; Abdon Cifuentes, Luis; Gomez, Jorge
    Direct valuation of air quality has as a drawback; that estimated willingness to pay figures cannot be apportioned to the several environmental goods affected by air quality, such as mortality and morbidity effects, visibility, outdoor recreation, among others. To address this issue, we implemented a survey in Santiago de Chile to identify component values of confounded environmental services by means of a choice experiment. We designed a survey where two environmental goods, a morbidity health endpoint and improved visibility, had to be jointly traded off against each other and against money in a unified framework.