Browsing by Author "Paz Martin, Sarah"
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- ItemCiénaga de Zapata, Cuba. En el umbral del misterio(EPICS EDIZIONI, 2016) Borroto Leiseca, Omelio; Forneris, Gilberto; Amorín Ponce, Julio; Rivera Rosales, José; Paz Martin, Sarah; Iturralde Vinent, Manuel; Martínez García, Orestes; Medina Tejera, Francisco; Porporato, Pier Carlo
- ItemEfectos de la transición de género en la percepción de salud mental de personas transgénero en Chile(2024) Del Río Martin, Marais; Paz Martin, Sarah; Barrientos Delgado, Jaime
- Item"Fight Against the Cultural Emasculation of Men": The Effect of Masculine Gender Nostalgia on Men's Attitudes Toward Women(2024) Burns, Mason D.; Paz Martin, SarahAcross four studies (N = 970), we investigated American men's masculine gender nostalgia, or their sentimental longing for an ostensibly bygone era related to traditional masculinity when "men were men" and "women were women." Prior work has found that group-based nostalgia uniquely predicts extreme forms of bias, including support for group-based violence. We investigated men's masculine gender nostalgia and its effect on bias toward nontraditional women (i.e., working women, childless-by-choice women). In two correlational studies (Studies 1a and 1b), we found that masculine gender nostalgia was strongly associated with misogyny and acceptance of antitrans violence. Critically, masculine gender nostalgia was related to those outcomes above and beyond other measures of sexism (e.g., modern sexism, benevolent sexism) and relevant demographics (e.g., age, political conservatism). Study 2 experimentally manipulated male participants' gender essentialist beliefs and found that increased gender essentialism predicted increased masculine gender nostalgia and, in turn, greater misogyny, bias against nontraditional women, and acceptance of violence against women. Finally, Study 3 manipulated male participants' perceptions of the degree to which traditional masculinity has changed and become more feminine over time. Results indicated that American men who considered masculine decline reported increased masculine gender nostalgia, which in turn predicted greater bias toward nontraditional women, misogyny, and acceptance of violence against women. Discussion surrounds the importance of considering masculine gender nostalgia when investigating men's bias toward women.
- ItemNormas sociales y mecanismos que reproducen la desigualdad de género en el contexto educativo(2023) Paz Martin, Sarah; Jimenez Moya, Gloria; Del Río, Marais; Contreras, Camila
- Item¿Seguir al colegio o a los pares? el efecto de las normas sociales en las actitudes hacia la desigualdad de género(2022) Jiménez Moya, Gloria; Contreras Villegas, Camila Ignacia; Río Martín, Marais Del; Paz Martin, SarahLas normas sociales impactan en las creencias y conductas de las personas. Por lo tanto, una norma social que establezca y valide la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres podría propiciar actitudes más igualitarias. Dada la importancia de las normas en las interacciones sociales, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de las normas igualitarias del colegio y de los pares en las actitudes hacia la desigualdad de género de los y las adolescentes. En concreto, estudiamos si las normas influyen en los niveles de sexismo hostil y benévolo, y en la justificación de la violencia machista. A través de un estudio correlacional con una muestra de estudiantes escolares (N=547), encontramos que cuando la norma de los pares no apoya los estereotipos de género —es decir, es una norma igualitaria— esta predice niveles de sexismo más bajos y una menor justificación de la violencia machista. La norma del colegio no resultó ser determinante. Estos resultados muestran que las normas sociales de los pares pueden ser usadas como vehículo de cambio social para generar igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en el contexto escolar.
- Item“When men were men”: the effects of Gender Nostalgia on bias against trans men and women(Routledge, 2024) Burns, Mason D.; Hamilton, Alexandria N.; Paz Martin, SarahIn recent years, many people have expressed opposition to the increased public representation of trans men and women. This opposition often includes a sentimental longing for a bygone past wherein ‘men were men, and women were women’. Across three studies (N = 860), we investigated the causes and consequences of this longing, herein called Gender Nostalgia. In Study 1, we developed a measure of Gender Nostalgia, and found it to be a uniquely strong predictor of extreme forms of anti-trans bias such as acceptance of anti-trans violence. Critically, Gender Nostalgia predicted acceptance of anti-trans violence above-and-beyond other direct measures of anti-trans bias and relevant demographics. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and investigated predictors of Gender Nostalgia, finding that Gender Nostalgia was strongly predicted by participants’ self-reported gender essentialism (e.g. the belief that men and women are discretely separate social categories). Study 3 experimentally manipulated participants’ perceptions of the degree to which traditional masculinity/femininity has changed over time. Results indicated that among participants high, but not low, in gender essentialism, considering eroding traditional masculinity/femininity increased Gender Nostalgia and acceptance of anti-trans violence. Discussion surrounds the importance of considering Gender Nostalgia when investigating people’s bias against trans men and women.